Pharmacology Or Antidepressants And Mood Stabilisers Flashcards

1
Q

What are clinical uses of antidepressants?

A
Moderate to severe depression
Dysthymia 
GAD
Panic disorder, OCD, PTSD
Premenstrual dysphoric disorder 
Bulimia nervous 
Neuropathic pain
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2
Q

Antidepressant drug classes

A

Monoamine oxidase inhibitors
Tricyclic antidepressants
Selective serotonin inhibitors (SSRIs)
Atypical antidepressants

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3
Q

Mode of action of mono amine oxidase inhibitors

A

Irreversible (phenelzine) or reversible (moclobemide) inhibitors of MAO - A and B

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4
Q

Side effects of mono amine oxidase inhibitors

A
Hypertensive crisis (cheese reaction) 
Insomnia
Postural hypotension 
Peripheral oedema 
May reduce metabolism of other drugs (barbiturates)
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5
Q

Examples of tricyclics

A

Imipramine
Dosulepin
Amitriptyline
Iofepramine

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6
Q

Action of tricyclics

A

Block reputable of mono amines (5-HT & noradrenaline) into presynaptic terminals

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7
Q

Side effects of tricyclics

A

Anticholinergic - blurred vision, dry mouth, constipation, urinary retention
Sedation
Weight gain
Cardiovascular - postural hypotension, tachycardia, arrhythmia so
Cardiotoxic in overdose

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8
Q

What does SSRI stand for?

A

Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor

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9
Q

Examples of SSRIs

A

Fluoxetine
Citalopram
Sertraline
Paroxetine

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10
Q

Action of SSRIs?

A

Selectively inhibit the reuptake of serotonin (5-HT) from synaptic cleft

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11
Q

Side effects of SSRIs?

A
Nausea 
Headache
Sweating 
Worsened anxiety
Sexual dysfunction
Hyponatraemia
Increased risk self harm/suicidal in young
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12
Q

Examples of atypical antidepressants

A

Mirrazapine (mixed receptor effects - blocks alpha 2, 5-HT2 and 5-HT3)
Bupropion (dopamine uptake inhibitor)

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13
Q

Do you have to monitor when giving lithium?

A

Yes

12hr post dose blood levels monitored due to narrow therapeutic index

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14
Q

What is lithium given as?

A

Lithium carbonate

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15
Q

Action of lithium?

A

May block phosphatidylinositol pathway or inhibit glycogen synthesis kinase 3B

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16
Q

Common side effects of lithium?

A
Dry mouth
Polydipsia/polyuria
Tremor
Hypothyroidism
Reduced renal function 
Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus
Weight gain 
Toxic effects - vomiting, diarrhoea, ataxia, drowsiness,convulsions, coma
17
Q

Examples of anticonvulsants

A

Valproate acid
Lamotrigine
Carbamazepine

18
Q

Side effects of carbamazepine?

A
Drowsiness
Ataxia
CVS effects 
Induces liver enzymes 
Agranulocytosis
19
Q

Side effect of valproate?

A

Teratogenicity - neural tube defects

20
Q

Examples of antipsychotics

A

Quetiapine
Aripiprazole
Olanzapine
Lurasidone

21
Q

Mode of action of antipsychotics

A

Dopamine antagonism and 5-HT antagonism

22
Q

Side effects of antipsychotics

A

Sedation
Weight gain
Metabolic syndrome
Aripiprazole - extra-pyramidal side effects

23
Q

Drugs for bipolar?

A

Lithium
Antipsychotics
Anticonvulsants