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Cardio-Renal > Pharmacology of Antihypertensives > Flashcards

Pharmacology of Antihypertensives Flashcards

1
Q

These anti-hypertensive agents are contraindicated in pregnancy.

A

ACE Inhibitors, ARBs, Aliskiren

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2
Q

What ADRs are associated with dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers?

A

Reflex tachycardia, pedal edema, gingival hyperplasia

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3
Q

These beta blockers are partial agonists.

A

Pindolol, acebutolol, penbutolol

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4
Q

What is the MOA of Aliskiren?

A

Competitive inhibitor of renin

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5
Q

What is the first-line diuretic for treatment of hypertension?

A

Thiazides - hydrochlorothiazide (Loop diuretics are used when thiazides are ineffective or contraindicated)

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6
Q

This beta blocker has an extremely short half life and is used in hypertensive emergencies and operations.

A

Esmolol

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7
Q

What are the common alpha blockers?

A

Doxazosin, prazosin, terazosin (-zosin)

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8
Q

These beta blockers are beta 1 selective.

A

Metoprolol and atenolol

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9
Q

True/False. Vasodilators may be used as monotherapy.

A

False - they are always adjunctive. The body has compensatory mechanisms to vasodilation that must be inhibited with other drugs

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10
Q

This vasodilator is a potassium channel opener that hyperpolarizes and relaxes vascular smooth muscle. It is also used topically to treat male baldness.

A

Minoxidil

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11
Q

What are the non-dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers?

A

Diltazem, verapamil

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12
Q

What are the common dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers?

A

Amlodipine, nifedipine

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13
Q

What electrolyte abnormality is associated with thiazides and loop diuretics?

A

Hypokalemia

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14
Q

What is the MOA of clonidine?

A

Centrally acting alpha2 agonist - temporarily increases BP until drug enters the CNS and decreases sympathetic signaling

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15
Q

What is the most common ADR associated with beta blockers?

A

Reduce exercise tolerance due to decreased CO and total peripheral resistance

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16
Q

What is the MOA of methyldopa?

A

Acts as a false neurotransmitter to stimulate central alpha2 receptors and decrease sympathetic signaling

17
Q

What is the MOA of propanolol?

A

Non-selective beta antagonist

18
Q

True/False. With hypertension, both cardiac output and peripheral vascular resistance are typically increased.

A

False - generally, only peripheral vascular resistance is increased

19
Q

What is the MOA of fenoldopam?

A

Activates vascular D1 receptors to stimulate vasodilation

20
Q

What drugs can be prescribed to prevent reflex tachycardia caused by anti-hypertensive medications?

A

Beta blockers

21
Q

What ADRs are associated with methyldopa?

A

Sexual dysfunction, somnolence, positive Coombs test (hemolytic anemia)

22
Q

This vasodilator is used in hypertensive emergencies, but is associated with cyanide toxicity.

A

Sodium nitroprusside

23
Q

What is the MOA of losartan?

A

Angiotensin Receptor Blocker (ARB) - inhibit the effects of angiotensin II

24
Q

What ADR is most assocaited with alpha blockers?

A

Postural hypotension

25
Q

What ADRs are associated with ACE inhibitors?

A

Hypotension, cough, hyperkalemia, angioedema, rash

26
Q

What are the MOA of catopril and lisinopril?

A

Angiotensin Converting Enzyme (ACE) Inhibitors - decrease systemic vascular resistance

27
Q

Hypertension is defined as a BP over what value?

A

140/90 mmHg

28
Q

Calcium channel blockers inhibit calcium influx through voltage-gated channels to relax vascular smooth muscle. How do the dihyropyridine and non-dihydropyridine CCBs differ?

A

In addition to relaxing vascular smooth muscle, non-dihydropyridine CCBs also decrease HR by slowing AV nodal conduction

29
Q

What is the MOA of hydralazine?

A

Releases NO from endothelial cells to cause vasodilation

30
Q

What are the most common ADRs of clonidine?

A

Sedation, sexual dysfunction

31
Q

This beta blocker acts on both alpha and beta receptors.

A

Labetolol

32
Q

This long-acting potassium channel opener is used via IV in hypertensive emergencies.

A

Diazoxide

33
Q

This beta blocker is beta1 selective and increases nitric oxide.

A

Nevibulol

Cardio-Renal (37 decks)

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