Pathology of an Atherosclerosis and Aneurysms Flashcards
An atherosclerotic plaque is early in formation and no extracellular matrix is present. What cells are present?
Macrophages - smooth muscle cells enter later in development and produce ECM
What is nephrosclerosis?
Hyaline arteriolosclerosis of renal arteries
What is the classification for an abdominal aorta dissection that is only proximal to the subclavian?
DeBakey 2 or Stanford Type A
What is Monckeberg medial sclerosis?
Medical calcification of the radial and/or ulnar artery that presents without clinical significance.
What is the classification for an abdominal aorta dissection that is only distal to the subclavian?
DeBakey Type 3 or Stanford Type B
Smoking, hypertension, diabetes, and prior MI are all risk factors for atherosclerosis. What is the order of risk?
Prior MI > Diabetes > Smoking > Hypertension
Women are less likely to develop atherosclerosis at a younger age than men. Why is this?
Estrogen is a protective factor. After menopause the risk of atherosclerosis between men and women levels.
What part of the atherosclerotic plaque is relevant for MI risk.
Fibrous cap
What is the most important risk factor for an upper aorta dissection?
Hypertension
What is the most common cause of death due to an aortic dissection?
Pericardial tamponade
What are the most common causes of hyaline arteriolosclerosis?
Hypertension & diabetes
What is the clinical presentation of an aortic dissection?
Severe pain radiating to the back, new onset diastolic murmur, widened mediastinum on x-ray, unequal BP in arms, tamponade, syncope
What is the most important risk factor for an abdominal aorta dissection?
Atherosclerosis
What are the most important causes of aneurysms?
Atherosclerosis & hypertension
What is the earliest and reversible stage of atherosclerosis?
Fatty streak
What cells are responsible for depositing collagen and extracellular matrix in atherosclerotic plaues?
Smooth muscle cells
What is the classification for an abdominal aorta dissection that is proximal and distal to the subclavian?
DeBakey 1 or Stanford Type A
This is thickening or narrowing of arterial lumina often due to hypertension.
Arteriolosclerosis
Chest pain with exertion that is relieved by rest is indicative of what kind of plaque?
Stable plaque - dense fibrous cap with minimal lipids and inflammation
What is the difference between a true and false aneurysm?
With a true aneurysm, the vessel wall is intact. With a false aneurysm, there is a defect in the vessel wall causing blood to collect outside the vessel
