Clinical Perspective - Chronic Kidney Disease

Question 1

What are the required criteria for diagnosis of chronic kidney disease?

Answer 1

Kidney damage for 3+ months OR GFR < 60

Question 2

What lab test is important in the assessment and risk of CKD progression?

Answer 2

Spot urine albumin:creatinine ratio

Question 3

What GFR is considered Stage 5 CKD?

Answer 3

GFR<15

Question 4

A patient has a GFR of 40. In what stage of CKD are they?

Answer 4

Stage 3

Question 5

At what stage of CKD should patients begin to consider renal replacement therapy (dialysis, transplant)?

Answer 5

Stage 4, GFR < 30

Question 6

When do clinical symptoms of CKD most commonly present?

Answer 6

Stage 4 - fatigue, swelling, nausea

Question 7

What is the relationship between creatinine and GFR?

Answer 7

Non-linear - changes in creatinine at low levels represent large changes in GFR. Changes in GFR decrease as creatinine increases to higher values

Question 8

A patient has a GFR or 20. What stage of CKD are they in?

Answer 8

Stage 4

Question 9

What are the two most common causes of CKD?

Answer 9

Type 2 diabetes, hypertension

Question 10

What are the two most common causes of end stage renal disease?

Answer 10

Type 2 diabetes, hypertension

Question 11

What is the most common cause of death in patients with chronic kidney disease?

Answer 11

Cardiovascular disease

Question 12

True/False. Patients who receive a kidney transplant have a similar survival benefit to patients who remain on dialysis.

Answer 12

False - kidney transplant always confers the highest survival benefit

Question 13

A patient is diagnosed with stage 3 CKD. What are the goals of their treatment?

Answer 13

Control BP and blood glucose, reduce proteinuria, manage associated disorders to prevent CKD progression