Pathology of Interstitial Disease

Question 1

Acute pyelonephritis is often due to bacterial infection. What are the three routes of infection?

Answer 1

Hematogenous spread, ascending infection, vesicoureteral reflux

Question 2

This kidney disorder is due to autosomal dominant mutations in PKD1 and/or PKD2 genes.

Answer 2

Adult polycystic kidney diease

Question 3

What is the most common cause of acute renal failure?

Answer 3

Acute tubular necrosis

Question 4

What histologic presentation is characteristic of chronic pyelonephritis?

Answer 4

Thyroidization of the kidney

Question 5

Acute drug-induced interstitial nephritis presents with abrupt fever, eosinophilia, and skin rash. What are the most common causes?

Answer 5

Penicillins, diuretics, NSAIDs

Question 6

Acute tubular necrosis is separated into three stages. What is the primary complication during the maintenance phase?

Answer 6

Hyperkalemia with metabolic acidosis and decreaed urine output

Question 7

During what stage of acute tubular necrosis is hypokalemia a significant concern?

Answer 7

Recovery phase - due to increased urine production

Question 8

What complications are associated with adult polycystic kidney disease?

Answer 8

Berry aneurysms, mitral valve prolapse, chronic renal failure

Question 9

What are the two types of acute tubular necrosis?

Answer 9

Ischemic and nephrotoxic

Question 10

This type of acute kidney injury involves continuous lesions, primarily in the PCT.

Answer 10

Nephrotoxic type

Question 11

This type of acute kidney injury involves skip lesions in the PCT and ascending thick loop.

Answer 11

Ischemic type