Pathology of Cardiomyopathies, Hypertension, & Myocarditis Flashcards
Mutations of what protein are most commonly associated with dilated cardiomyopathy?
Titin (truncation of the TTN gene)
What is the mechanism of heart failure due to hypertrophic cardiomyopathy?
Impairment of compliance (diastolic dysfunction)
What is myocarditis?
Myocardial inflammation with necrosis
What is the classic histologic finding of malignant hypertension?
Hyperplastic necrotizing arteriolitis
This is a type of left ventricular contractile dysfunction caused by extreme psychological stress.
Takotsubo cardiomyopathy (broken heart syndrome)
Cardiac hypertrophy leads to an increase in mycoyte size. What other histologic findings may be present?
Multiple and enlarged nuclei due to DNA replication without cell division
What is a classic histological finding of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy?
Myocyte disarray (top is normal)
Mural thrombi are most associated with what type of cardiomyopathy?
Dilated cardiomyopathy
Hemochromatosis may present with what type of cardiomyopathy?
Features of both dilated and restrictive cardiomyopathy (systolic and diastolic impairment)
What are the different types of cardiomyopathy?
Dilated, hypertrophic, restrictive
What cells are present in cases of hypersensitivity myocarditis?
Eosinophils, lymphocytes, macrophages
What characterizes sarcoidosis restrictive cardiomyopathy?
Non-necrotizing granulomas with prominent giant cells
What is peripartum cardiomyopathy?
A type of dilated cardiomyopathy that occurs late in pregnancy or up to 6 months postpartum
In what age group is myocarditis most common?
Children 1-10yo
This patient has a type of myocarditis. What is it?
Giant cell myocarditis - presence of multinucleated giant cells
True/False. Deficits of mental function may present in cases of right-sided heart failure.
True - due to hypoxia of the CNS. This is most common in older patients
This type of cardiomyopathy is characterized by massive fatty infiltration and focal fibrosis.
Arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy (type of dilated cardiomyopathy)
What cells may be found in the lungs in cases of left-sided heart failure?
Hemosiderin-laden macrophages (heart failure cells) - accumulated iron from phagocytized RBCs
What toxins are most associated with dilated cardiomyopathy?
Alcohol, cobalt, chemotherapeutic drugs
This cause of restrictive cardiomyopathy is linked to nutritional deficiencies and parasitic infections.
Endomyocardial fibrosis
What is the most common cause of sudden cardiac death in young athletes?
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
Volume overload causes assembly of new sarcomeres in (series/parallel).
Series - eccentric hypertrophy
Restrictive cardiomyopathy due to this cause presents in the first 2 years of life.
Endocardial fibroelastosis
What histological findings are present with dilated cardiomyopathy?
Enlarged, bizarre, hyperchromatic nuclei (“ninja stars”
