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My board exam flashcards > Pharmacology notes Topnotch > Flashcards

Pharmacology notes Topnotch Flashcards

0
Q

Neural tube defect

A

Valproic acid

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1
Q

Fetal renal damage / renal agenesis

A

ACE inhibitors

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2
Q

Fatal hydantoin syndrome

A

Phenytoin

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3
Q

Neonatal hypoglycemia

A

Oral hypoglycemic agents

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4
Q

Vaginal clear cell Ca

A

DES

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5
Q

Eibstein anomaly

A

Lithium

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6
Q

Craniofacial malformations

A

Tetinoin

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7
Q

Congenital hypothyroidism

A

Iodide

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8
Q

Möbius sequence

A

Misoprostol

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9
Q

Cutis laxa

A

Penicillamine.

Used for Wilson’s ds

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10
Q

Phocomelia

A

Thalidomide

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11
Q

IUGR

A

Smoking

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12
Q

Ototoxicity

A

Streptomycin

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13
Q

Aplasia cutis congenita

A

Methimazole

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14
Q

Kernicterus

A

Sulfonamide

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15
Q

Cartilage damage

A

Foroquinolones

DNA gyrase/ topoisomerase II

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16
Q

Trial when careful evaluation of dose response relationship and pharmacokinetics among NORMAL human volunteers

A

Phase 1 trial

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17
Q

Evaluate drug in patients with target ds

A

Phase 2 trial

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18
Q

Trial involving many patients and clinicians

A

Phase 3 trial

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19
Q

Detects toxicities/ post marketing surveillance

A

Phase 4 trial

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20
Q

Inhibits transport of CHOLINE used in ACh synthesis

A

Hemicholin

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21
Q

Inhibits transport of ACh to vesicle for storage

A

Vesamicol

transport Vehicle inhibitor:)

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22
Q

Inhibit AChE in NMJ

A

Organophosphates

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23
Q

For bowel and bladder atony

A

Betanichol

  • Cholinomimetic, direct, bind to muscarinic R
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24
Q

Used for SICCA syndrome of Sjorgen

A

Pilocarpine

  • cholinomimetic.direct, bind to muscarinic R
  • Increase aqueous humor flow and salivation.
25
Q

Amanita phalloides MOS

A

RNA polymerase II inhibitor

26
Q

S/sx organophosphate poisoning

nerve gas poisoning, cholinergic excess, inhibition of ACHe

A

Diarrhea
Urination
Miosis

Bronchospasm
Bradycardia
Excitation of Sk muscle and CNS
Lacrimation
Sweating
Salivation
27
Q

Bonds in order of strength

A

Covalent bond > ionic/hydrogen/van der waals bonds > hydrophobic bond

28
Q

Indirect acting cholinomimetic ?

Bind AChE to prevent removal of ACh from ACh receptor

A

Edrophonium short acting

Longer acting
Neostigmine
Pyridostigmine
Physostigmine - glaucoma. Can cross BBB.

29
Q

Cholinorecetor/muscarinic blockers

A

Anti muscarinic
1 M1 selective
2 non selective - atropine, scopolamine

Anti-nicotinic
1ganglion blockers
2 neuromuscular blockers - tubocurarine etc

Cholinesterase regenerators
1 pralidoxime

Other
Ipratropium

30
Q

Muscarinic antagonists for PD

A

Trihexyphenidyl
Benztropine
Biperidine (akineton)

31
Q

Atropine toxicity

A 
Hot as a hare
Dry as a bone   - dec secretions
Red as a beet   - cutaneous vasodilation
Blind as a bat - dilated pupils
Mad as a hatter
32
Q

Neuromuscular blockers

NDMB - non depolarizing

DMB - depolarizing

A

NDMB: Tubocurarine, pancuronium, atracurium, verocurium

DMB : succinylcholine

33
Q

Kidney dopa vs NorE

A

Dopamine vasoDilates the afferent arterioles, while NorE vasoconstricts them

34
Q

NorE transmitter at sympathetic post ganglionic except in

A

Eccrine sweat glands
Vasodilator sympathetic fibers in skeletal muscle

These use ACh acting on muscarinic receptors

35
Q

Inhibits hydroxylation of tyrosine to DOPA

ie inhibits NorE synthesis

A

Metyrosine

36
Q

Inhibits transport of NorE and Dopamine in vesicles for storage

ie inhibits storage

A

Reserpine

37
Q

Monoamin oxidase inactivate NorE and dopamine in the cytoplasm

Effect of MAO inhibitors?

A

Increase store of NorE and Dopamine

38
Q

Inhibits release of NorE

A

Guanethiadine

39
Q

Promotes release of NorE 2

A

Amphetamines

Tyramine - found in cheese etc, relate to antidepressant MAO
inhibitors

40
Q

Inhibit reuptake of NorE from receptor such that NorE action cannot be terminated

A

1 cocaine

2 TCAs

41
Q

Inhibit degradation of NorE into metanephrine and VMA

A

MAO inhibitors, COMT inhibitors

42
Q

Beta receptors b1 vs b2

A

1 heart, 2 lungs

B1 heart
B2 bronchodilation

43
Q

Non selective sympathomimetics

A 
1 Epi.      Alpha1, B1, B2
2 NorE    Alpha1, B1, B2
3 Dopamine 
    1 -5 mcg/kg/min low D1 vasodilate splanchnic and renal bed
    5-15                    medium B1
    > 15                     high alpha1
44
Q

Non selective beta agonist

A

Isopreterenol

45
Q

Alpha 1 agonist

Alpha 2 agonist

A

Alpha 1 agonist. Pseudoephedrine

Alpha 2 agonist. Clonedine, Methyldopa

46
Q

Treat rebound hypertension from clonidine with

A

Phentolamine - non selective alpha blocker

47
Q

B1 agonist

A

doButamine

48
Q

Beta 2 agonist

A

Salbutamol
Albuterol
Salmetrol - long acting

49
Q

Acute heart failure
Septic shock

Task: increase CO

A

B1 and D1 agonist

ie doButamine - b1; dopamine d1, b1

50
Q

Hypertension
Glaucoma

Goal: decrease BP

A

Alpha 2 agonist

51
Q

Uterine smooth muscle relaxation

Bronchodilation

A

B2 agonist

52
Q

Non selective alpha blockers

A

Phenoxybenzamine - presurgical pheochromocytoma

Phentolamine - alpha 2 antidote for rebound hypertension

53
Q

Alpha 1 blockers

A

“-zosin”s

Tamsolusin - selective for prostatic smooth muscle

54
Q

Selective beta 1 blockers

BEAM

A

Betaxolol
Esmolol
Acebutolol
Metoprolol

55
Q

Flow of aqueous humor

A

Ciliary body -> posterior chamber -> anterior chamber angle -> pupil -> anterior chamber -> trabecular meshwork -> canal of Schlemn -> uveoscleral veins

56
Q

Glaucoma tx

Decrease secretion of aqueous humor from ciliary epithelium

A

Apraclonidine Alpha 2 agonist
Timolol Beta blocker nonselective
Mannitol
Acetazolamide/Dorzolamide Carbonic anhydrase inhibitor

57
Q

Glaucoma meds

Ciliary muscle contraction opening trabecular meshwork, increasing outflow

A

Cholinomimetics

Pilocarpine. - direct ie an analog of ACh
Physostigmine. - indirect ie inhibit AChE

58
Q

Glaucoma meds

Increase outflow through canal of Schlemn

A

Latanoprost - prostaglandin

59
Q

Increased outflow via uveoscleral veins

A

Epinephrine

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