IM

Question 0

Hematuria, no casts

Answer 0

Bladder cancer, no kidney stones

Question 1

Pyuria , no casts

Answer 1

Acute cystitis

Question 2

Casts indicate that hematuria or pyuria are of what origin

Answer 2

Renal ie kidney origin NOT bladder

Question 3

Fatty casts or oval fat bodies

Answer 3

Nephrotic syndrome

Question 4

Granular or muddy brown casts in UA

Answer 4

Acute tubular necrosis

Question 5

Waxy casts in UA

Answer 5

Chronic renal failure or advanced renal ds

Question 6

Winter’s formula for acid base disorder

Answer 6

PCO2 = (1.5 x HCO3) + 8 (+/-2)

If measured pco2 differ significantly, then it’s a mixed disorder

Question 7

Indications for dialysis

Answer 7

Acidosis refractory to bicarbonate
Electrolyte abnormality refractory to medical intervention
Intoxication with some drugs
Overload volume refractory to diuretics
Uremic symptoms : cardiac friction rub and altered mental status

Question 8

Normal BP

Answer 8

SBP < 120, DP < 80

Question 9

Pre Hypertension

Answer 9

SBP 120-139

DBP 80-89

Question 10

Stage 1 hypertension

Answer 10

SBP 140 -159

DBP 90 - 99

Question 11

Stage II hypertensn

Answer 11

SBP =/>160
DBP =/> 100

Tx 2 drug combination
HCTZ + ACEi/ARB/BB/CCB

Question 12

BP goal

No comorbidities :
In DM :
In CKD :

Answer 12

No comorbidities : <140/90
In DM : 130/80
In CKD : 130/80

Question 13

Diuretic that enhances ototoxicity of aminoglycosides

Answer 13

Furosemides

Half life laSIX - 6 hours
PTAL na/k/2cl

Other in same group: bumetanide, torsemide, ethacrynic acid

Question 14

Hypersensitivity reaction caused by methyldopa

Answer 14

Hemolytic anemia - Type II

Question 15

Masks symptoms of hypoglycemia in diabetics because of its combined alpha and beta inhbition

Answer 15

Labetalol

Question 16

Drugs used to control hypertension in pheochromocytoma

Answer 16

Phenoxybenzamine
Phentolamine
Labetalol

Question 17

Most common initial sensory impairment in DM

Answer 17

Loss of vibratory sensation - pacinian corpuscle