Pharmacology Drugs

Question 1

Ketamine

Answer 1

Function: Analgesic and Sedative

Action: produces a state of anesthesia while maintaining airway reflexes, HR, and BP.

Dosage: concentration 50 mg / ml
Sedative 1 mg / kg IV - 5 mg / kg IM
Administer slowly over 60 seconds.

Indications: pain and anesthesia for short procedures

Contraindications: High BP, HTN, Stroke, ICP, head trauma, bleeding, and MI

Special Considerations: pregnancy c class
Onset 45-60 sec
Duration 10-45 min

Question 2

Midazolam (Versed)

Answer 2

Classification - Benzo schedule C

Action: Binds to Benzo receptors and enhances the effects of the brain chemical neurotransmitter GABA. Benzo act at the level of limbic, thalamic, and hypothalamic regions to produce short Acting CNS depression

Indications: Sedation, anxiety, skeletal muscle relaxation

Dosage: max 5 mg. 1 mg and no more than 2.5 mg over a two minute interval

Question 3

Ketorolac ( Toradol )

Answer 3

Function: Analgesic, NSAID
Dosage: 30 mg IV, 60 mg IM
Route: IV IM
Indications: Kidney Stones
Contraindicationser: HX of GI Bleeds / Ulcers
Special considerations: pregnancy class C. Class D in 3rd trimester

Question 4

Amiodarone (Cordarnone, Pacerone)

Answer 4

Class: antidysrthyhmic

Mechanism of Action: Blocks sodium channels and myocardial potassium channels, delaying re-polarization and increasing the duration of action potential

Indications: V-fib, pulseless V-tach, unstable V-tach

Contraindications: allergy, cardiogenic shock, sinus brady, 2nd o/ 3rd degree block

Dosage: 1 st Dosage: 300mg/IV 2nd Dosage: 150mg/IV wait 3-5 mins

Duration of Action: Onset: Immediate. Peak Effect: 10-15 mins, Duration 30-45 mins

Question 5

Atropine Sulfate

Answer 5

Class: Anticholinergic Agent

Mechanism of Action: Inhibits the action of acetylcholine at postganglionic parasympathetic nueroeffector sites. Increases HR in life threatening bradydysrhythmias.

Indications: Hemodynamically unstable bradycardia, organophospahte poisoning, nerve agent exposure, rapid sequence intubations in pediatrics, beta block or calcium channel blocker

Contraindications: Tachycardia, allergy, unstable cardiovascular status in acute hemorrage with mycardial ischemia, narrow angle glaucoma, hypothermic bradycardia

Drug Interactions: Potential adverse effects when administered with digitalis, cholingerics, physostigimine. Effects enhanced by antihistamines, procainamide, quinidine, antipsychotics, benzodiazepines and antidepressants.

Dosage: Unstable brady: .5 mg IV/IO every 3-5 mins