Cardiac Rhythms

Question 1

Normal sinus rhythm

Answer 1

60-100 bpm 
Regular
Originates in the SA node
	P waves normal, upright, identical, and one per QRS
	PR interval .12-.20 seconds
	QRS complex

Question 2

Sinus bradycardia

Answer 2

Rate less than 60
Regular
	P waves normal, upright, identical, and one per QRS
	PR interval .12-.20 seconds
	QRS complex

Question 3

Sinus tachycardia

Answer 3

Rate greater than 100
Regular
	P waves normal, upright, identical, and one per QRS
	PR interval .12-.20 seconds
	QRS complex

Question 4

Sinus arrhythmia

Answer 4

Regularly Irregular
P waves normal, upright, identical, and one per QRS
PR interval .12-.20 seconds
QRS complex

Question 5

Sinus arrest/pause

Answer 5

Regular with an event
SA doesn't fire
P wave lands in different spot
	P waves normal, upright, identical, and one per QRS
	PR interval .12-.20 seconds
	QRS complex

Question 6

Sinus block

Answer 6

Regular with an event 
SA is blocked
P wave lands in same spot
	P waves normal, upright, identical, and one per QRS
	PR interval .12-.20 seconds
	QRS complex

Question 7

Premature atrial contraction

Answer 7

Regular with an event
P waves normal, upright, identical, and one per QRS
PR interval .12-.20 seconds
QRS complex

Question 8

Supraventricular tachycardia

Answer 8

Regular
Rate: 140-250 (220-age)
AVNRT (most common) and AVRT

Question 9

Paroxysmal SVT

Answer 9

SVT that starts/stops suddenly

Regular with varying rates

Question 10

Atrial flutter

Answer 10

Regular with ratio (most commonly 2:1)
Common rate: atrial- 300 ventricular- 150
F waves
QRS complex

Question 11

Atrial Fibrillation

Answer 11

Irregular irregular 
AV only lets some impulses through
Varying rates
No visible P waves
f waves- may be hard to see
QRS

Question 12

Junctional rhythms

Answer 12

Junctional (escape): 40-60
Accelerated: 60-100
Tachycardic: 100-140

Regular
No P waves/Inverted P waves just before or after QRS
QRS

Question 13

Ectopic atrial rhythm

Answer 13

Regular
P waves identical
P waves present upright or inverted
100 bpm

Question 14

Wandering atrial pacemaker

Answer 14

Irregular irregular

3 or more different P waves

Question 15

Multifocal atrial tachycardia

Answer 15

Irregular irregular
3 or more different P waves
100-150 bpm (max 250)

Question 16

Premature junctional contraction

Answer 16

Regular with an event
Absent/Inverted P wave
Short PR interval

Question 17

Idioventricular

Answer 17

Regular
Absent P waves
Wide QRS
Rate: 20-40
Accelerated: 40-100

Question 18

Ventricular tachycardia

Answer 18

Monomorphic= Identical waves
Polymorphic= Multiple different waves
Rate >100
Regular
Wide QRS

Question 19

Torsade de Pointes

Answer 19

Form of polymorphic vtach that occurs in pts with prolonged QT intervals
Irregular
Rate: 150-300 bpm

Question 20

Ventricular fibrillation

Answer 20

Rapid, completely disorganized, and no pattern
Irregular irregular
Fine and coarse

Question 21

Premature ventricular contraction

Answer 21

Regular with an event
Wide, bizarre contraction
Discordance

Question 22

1st degree heart block

Answer 22

Prolonged PR interval (>0.20)
Identical PR intervals
Present P waves for every QRS

Question 23

2nd degree heart block (Mobitz 1 or Wenckeback):

Answer 23

PR interval progressively lengthens until a P wave is blocked (dropped beat)
Shortest PR interval is the one right after dropped beat
P-P remains consistent

Question 24

2nd degree heart block (Mobitz 2):

Answer 24

PR interval remains consistent (normal or prolonged)
Dropped beats (usually more in a row)

Question 25

3rd degree heart block (complete

Answer 25

P-P remains the same
R-R remains the same
Atrial rate is different than ventricular rate
(ie no communication between the R and QRS)