Ch. 30 Bleeding

Question 1

What are the three requirements for the circulatory system to remain in tact?

Answer 1

The Heart: The pump
Blood and Body Fluids: Fluid Volume
Blood Vessels: tubing systems that allows constriction and dilation in accordance to changes in the pump or volume

Question 2

Name the three types of Cellular Respiration

Answer 2

Glycolysis
Citric Acid Cycle
Electron Transport Chain

Question 3

Glycolsis

Answer 3

Glucose is broken down into pyruvic acid and produces 2 ATP molecules

Question 4

Citric Acid Cycle

Answer 4

a sequence of enzymatic reactions occur to convert pyruvic acid into water, ATP, CO2, acetyl coenzyme A and high energy electrons.

Question 5

Electron Transport Chain

Answer 5

Converts these high energy electrons into more ATP and releases water and heat as by products. This is known as the aerobic pathway since oxygen is the final electron donor via this process. a high amount of ATP is produced in this process.

Question 6

Compensated Shock Class 1

Answer 6

Blood Loss: <750 ml
% Blood Loss: <15
HR: < 100
Systolic: WNL
Pulse Pressure: WNL
CRT: WNL
RR: 14 - 20
Mental Status: Anxious
Skin: Cool, Pink
Urine output: >30
Fluid Replacement: Crystalloid

Question 7

Compensated Shock Class 2

Answer 7

Blood Loss: < 750 - 15000 ml
% Blood Loss: < 15 - 30%
HR: > 100
Systolic: Normal
Pulse Pressure: Narrow
CRT: Delayed
RR: 20 - 30
Mental Status: Anxious
Skin: Cool, Pale
Urine output: 20 - 30 ml
Fluid Replacement: Crystalloid

Question 8

Decompensated Shock Class 3

Answer 8

Blood Loss: 1500 - 2000 ml
% Blood Loss: 30 - 40%
HR: < 120
Systolic: Low
Pulse Pressure: Narrowed
CRT: Delayed
RR: 30 - 40 
Mental Status: Anxious and confused
Skin: Cold, Pale, Moist
Urine output: 5 - 15 ml
Fluid Replacement: Crystalloid and Blood

Question 9

Decompensated Shock Class 4

Answer 9

Blood Loss: >2000 ml
% Blood Loss: > 40 %
HR: > 140
Systolic: Low
Pulse Pressure: Very Narrow
CRT: Absent
RR: > 35
Mental Status: confused and lethargic
Skin: Cold, cyanotic 
Urine output: Minimal or None
Fluid Replacement: Crystalloid and Blood

Question 10

Rough Estimate about overall blood volume for a female or male

Answer 10

70 ml per kg for a male
65 ml per kg for a female

Note* The Body cannot tolerate more than 20% of an acute blood loss

Question 11

List types of shock for Respiratory Failure

Answer 11

Obstruction - Airway or embolism
Chest Wall Movement - ie flail chest
Diffusion failure - ARDS
Toxic exposures - such as carbon monoxide

Question 12

List types of pump failure

Answer 12

Cardiogenic Shock
Intrinsic
Extrinsic - ie cardic tamponade, tension pneumonthorax

Question 13

List types of shock for vessel function

Answer 13

Distributive Shock
Septic Shock
CNS loss - ie Neurogenic Shock, Psychogenic Shock
Anaphylatic Shock

Question 14

List types of Shock for low fluid volume

Answer 14

Hypovolemic Shock - Hemorrhagic
Non Hemorrhagic ie dehydration
Third space loss - ie fracture