Endocrine Emergencies Flashcards
Adrenal Cortex
The outer part of the adrenal glands that produces corticosteroids
Adrenal Glands
Paired glands located above the kidneys; each adrenal gland consists of an inner adrenal medulla and adrenal cortex
Adrenal medulla
The inner part of the adrenal gland that produces catecholamins (epi and norepinephrine)
Adrenocorticotropic hormone
Hormone that targets the adrenal cortex to secrete cortisol
Agonists
Molecules that bind to a cell’s receptors and trigger a response by that cell. Agonists produce some kind of action or biological effect
Androgens
Male sex hormone that regulate body’s changes associated with sexual development, including growth spurts, deeping of the voice facial hair etc
ADH
A hormone secreted by the posterior pituitary
Lobe of the pituitary gland. It also constricts blood vessels and raises BP also called vasopressin
Calcitonin
The hormone secreted by the thyroid gland that helps maintain normal calcium levels in the blood
Catecholamines
Hormones produced by the adrenal medulla that assist the body in coping with physical and emotional stress by increasing the pulse and RR and BP
Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia
Inadequate production of cortisol and aldosterone by the adrenal gland
Corticosteroids
Hormones that regulate the body’s metabolism the balance of salt and water in the body, the immune system and sexual function
Cortisol
Hormone that stimulates most body cells to increase their energy production
Cushing Syndrome
A condition caused by an excess of cortisol production by the adrenal glands or by excessive use of cortisol or other similar corticosteroid hormones
Diabetes Mellitus
Disease characterized by the body inability to sufficiently metabolize glucose. The condition occurs wither because the pancreas does not produce enough insulin or the cells do not respond to the effects of the insulin that is produced
DKA
A form of acidosis in uncontrolled diabetes in which certain acids accumulate when insulin is not available
Dyslipidemia
An excessive level of lipids circulating in the blood increasing the risk of atherosclerosis and CAD
Endocrine glands
Glands that secrete or release chemicals that are used inside the body. Endocrine glands lack ducts and release hormones directly into the surrounding tissue and blood
Epinephrine
Hormone produced by the adrenal medulla that plays a vital role in the function of the sympathetic nervous system
Estrogen
One of the three major female hormones. At puberty estrogen brings about the secondary sex characteristics
Exocrine glands
Glands that excrete chemical for elimination
Exophthalmos
Protrusion of the eyes from the normal position within the socket
Gestational Diabetes
Diabetes the develops during pregnancy in women who did not have diabetes before pregnancy
Glands
Cells or organs that selectively remove, concentrate, or alter materials in the blood and then secrete them back into the body
Glucagon
Hormone produced by the pancreas that is vital to the control of the body’s metabolism and blood glucose level. Glucagon stimulates the breakdown of glycogen to glucose
Goiter
A visible mass in the anterior part of the next cause by enlargement of the the thyroid gland
Gonads
The reproductive glands; the main sex hormone
Graves Disease
An autoimmune disorder that causes thyroid gland hyper trophy and severe hyperthyroidism
Hashimoto Disease
A type of hyperthyroidism in which the thyroid gland becomes enlarged as it is infiltrated by t lymphocytes and plasma cells
Helper T cell
A type of T lymphocyte that is involved in both cell mediated and antibody-mediated immune responses. The cells secrete cytokines that stimulate the B cells and other T cells
Homeostasis
A tendency to constancy or stability in the body’s internal environment