Pathophysiology: Ch. 7 Self-Defense Mechanism Flashcards
Acquired Immunity
a highly specific, inducible, discriminatory and permanent meting by which literally armies of cells respond to an immune stimulant
Active acquired Immunity
The form of immunity that occurs as a result of being exposed to a disease; this exposure causes the body to form antibodies to help prevent recurrence
Amnestic Immune Response
The reaction that occurs upon repeat exposure of a foreign substance.
Antibodies
Proteins secreted by certain immune that bind antigens to make them more visible to the immune system
Antigen
a foreign substance recognized by the immune system
Antigen-present Cells
Cells that breakdown antigens and display their fragments on the surface receptors to make them visible to the T lymphocytes. Macrophages are the primary antigen-presenting cells.
B-Lymphocytes
Also called B cells, which develop in the bone marrow from stem cels
Basophils
Approx. 1% of the Leukocytes, they are essential to nonspecific immune response to inflammation due to their role in releasing histamine and other chemicals that dilates the blood vessels
Bone Marrow
the specialized soft tissue that is found within the bone. The red bone marrow is essential for forming blood cells
Cell-Mediated Immunity
Immune process by which T - cell lymphocytes recognize antigens and the secrete cytokines that attract other cells or become cyotoxic cells that kill the infected cells
Chemotaxins
Components of the activated complement system that attract leukocytes from the circulation to help fight infections
Clonal Selection Theory
the idea that each B cell makes antibodies that have only one type of antigen-binding region that is specific to a single type of antigen
Cytokines
Protein messengers released by once cell that affects the growth of another cell
Delayed Hypersensitivity Reactions
Immune reactions that occur several hours after exposure to an antigen
Diffuse Lymphoid Tissues
All the secondary lymphoid tissues, with the exception of the spleen and lymph nodes, scattered throughout the body.
Encapsulated Lymphoid Tissues
Secondary Lymphoid tissues consisting of the spleen and lymph nodes.
Eosinophils
Cells that make up approx. 1% - 3% of the leukocytes, which play a major role in allergic reactions and bronchoconstriction in an asthma attack.
Fab regions
the arms, which contain antigen-binding sites, of the Y-shaped immunoglobulin.
Fe-Regions
The stem of the Y-shaped immunoglobulin molecule that determines the class of immunoglobin to which an antibody belongs
Gut-Associated lymphoid tissue (GALT)
the lymphoid tissue that lies under lining of the esophagus and intestines
Hapten
a substance that normally does not stimulate an immune response but can be combined with an antigen and at a later point initiate and antibody response.
Helper T Cells
a type of lymphocyte that is involved in both cell mediated and antibody-meidated immune responses. It secretes cytokines that stimulate the B cells and other T cells
Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA) Gene complex
the human MHC that is present in all nucleated human cells. It codes for numerous antigens that are unique to an individual
Humoral Immunity
the immunity that utilizes antibodies made by B-cell lymphocytes
Immune Response
The bodes defense reaction to any substance that is recognized as foreign
Immune system
The body system that includes all of the structures and processes designed to mount a defenses against foreign substances and disease-causing agents
Immunogen
an antigen that activates immune cells to generate an immune against itself
Mast cells
the cells that resemble basophils but do not circular in the blood
Immunoglobulins
antibodies secreted by the B Cells
Immunogenic
Property of antigens indicating that they elicit an immune response
Initial Immune Response
the reaction that takes place during the first exposure to a foreign substance
Leukocytes
The white blood cells responsible for fighting off infection
Lymph
a thin watery fluid that bathes the tissues of the body
Lymph node
a small structure that filters lymph and stores lymphocytes also called the lymph gland
Lymphatic System
a network of capillaries, vessels, ducts, nodes and organs that help to maintain the fluid environement of the body by producing lymph and transporting it through the body
Macrophages
Cells that developed from the monocytes and provide the bodes first line of defense in the inflammatory process
Mast Cells
the cells that resemble basophils but do not circulate in the blood
Major Histocompatibility Complex MHC
a group of genes located on a single chromosome that permits an organism that is capable of generating an immune response to distinguish a foreign substance from its own cells and tissue
Membrane Attack Complex MAC
Molecules that insert themselves into the bacterial membrane leading to weakened arenas in the membrane
Memory Cells
One of the two types of cells in a clone that remember the initial encounter with the antigen
Monoclonal Antibodies
Immunogloubins secreted by a single clone of antibody producing cells either in vivo or in culture
Native Immunity
A non-specific cellular and humoral response that operates as the bodies first one defense against pathogens
Nonimmunogenic
Antigens that do not elicit an immun
