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Paramedic > Pathophysiology: Ch. 7 Self-Defense Mechanism > Flashcards

Pathophysiology: Ch. 7 Self-Defense Mechanism Flashcards

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1
Q

Acquired Immunity

A

a highly specific, inducible, discriminatory and permanent meting by which literally armies of cells respond to an immune stimulant

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2
Q

Active acquired Immunity

A

The form of immunity that occurs as a result of being exposed to a disease; this exposure causes the body to form antibodies to help prevent recurrence

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3
Q

Amnestic Immune Response

A

The reaction that occurs upon repeat exposure of a foreign substance.

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4
Q

Antibodies

A

Proteins secreted by certain immune that bind antigens to make them more visible to the immune system

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5
Q

Antigen

A

a foreign substance recognized by the immune system

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6
Q

Antigen-present Cells

A

Cells that breakdown antigens and display their fragments on the surface receptors to make them visible to the T lymphocytes. Macrophages are the primary antigen-presenting cells.

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7
Q

B-Lymphocytes

A

Also called B cells, which develop in the bone marrow from stem cels

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8
Q

Basophils

A

Approx. 1% of the Leukocytes, they are essential to nonspecific immune response to inflammation due to their role in releasing histamine and other chemicals that dilates the blood vessels

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9
Q

Bone Marrow

A

the specialized soft tissue that is found within the bone. The red bone marrow is essential for forming blood cells

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10
Q

Cell-Mediated Immunity

A

Immune process by which T - cell lymphocytes recognize antigens and the secrete cytokines that attract other cells or become cyotoxic cells that kill the infected cells

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11
Q

Chemotaxins

A

Components of the activated complement system that attract leukocytes from the circulation to help fight infections

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12
Q

Clonal Selection Theory

A

the idea that each B cell makes antibodies that have only one type of antigen-binding region that is specific to a single type of antigen

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13
Q

Cytokines

A

Protein messengers released by once cell that affects the growth of another cell

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14
Q

Delayed Hypersensitivity Reactions

A

Immune reactions that occur several hours after exposure to an antigen

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15
Q

Diffuse Lymphoid Tissues

A

All the secondary lymphoid tissues, with the exception of the spleen and lymph nodes, scattered throughout the body.

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16
Q

Encapsulated Lymphoid Tissues

A

Secondary Lymphoid tissues consisting of the spleen and lymph nodes.

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17
Q

Eosinophils

A

Cells that make up approx. 1% - 3% of the leukocytes, which play a major role in allergic reactions and bronchoconstriction in an asthma attack.

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18
Q

Fab regions

A

the arms, which contain antigen-binding sites, of the Y-shaped immunoglobulin.

19
Q

Fe-Regions

A

The stem of the Y-shaped immunoglobulin molecule that determines the class of immunoglobin to which an antibody belongs

20
Q

Gut-Associated lymphoid tissue (GALT)

A

the lymphoid tissue that lies under lining of the esophagus and intestines

21
Q

Hapten

A

a substance that normally does not stimulate an immune response but can be combined with an antigen and at a later point initiate and antibody response.

22
Q

Helper T Cells

A

a type of lymphocyte that is involved in both cell mediated and antibody-meidated immune responses. It secretes cytokines that stimulate the B cells and other T cells

23
Q

Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA) Gene complex

A

the human MHC that is present in all nucleated human cells. It codes for numerous antigens that are unique to an individual

24
Q

Humoral Immunity

A

the immunity that utilizes antibodies made by B-cell lymphocytes

25
Q

Immune Response

A

The bodes defense reaction to any substance that is recognized as foreign

26
Q

Immune system

A

The body system that includes all of the structures and processes designed to mount a defenses against foreign substances and disease-causing agents

27
Q

Immunogen

A

an antigen that activates immune cells to generate an immune against itself

28
Q

Mast cells

A

the cells that resemble basophils but do not circular in the blood

29
Q

Immunoglobulins

A

antibodies secreted by the B Cells

30
Q

Immunogenic

A

Property of antigens indicating that they elicit an immune response

31
Q

Initial Immune Response

A

the reaction that takes place during the first exposure to a foreign substance

32
Q

Leukocytes

A

The white blood cells responsible for fighting off infection

33
Q

Lymph

A

a thin watery fluid that bathes the tissues of the body

34
Q

Lymph node

A

a small structure that filters lymph and stores lymphocytes also called the lymph gland

35
Q

Lymphatic System

A

a network of capillaries, vessels, ducts, nodes and organs that help to maintain the fluid environement of the body by producing lymph and transporting it through the body

36
Q

Macrophages

A

Cells that developed from the monocytes and provide the bodes first line of defense in the inflammatory process

37
Q

Mast Cells

A

the cells that resemble basophils but do not circulate in the blood

38
Q

Major Histocompatibility Complex MHC

A

a group of genes located on a single chromosome that permits an organism that is capable of generating an immune response to distinguish a foreign substance from its own cells and tissue

39
Q

Membrane Attack Complex MAC

A

Molecules that insert themselves into the bacterial membrane leading to weakened arenas in the membrane

40
Q

Memory Cells

A

One of the two types of cells in a clone that remember the initial encounter with the antigen

41
Q

Monoclonal Antibodies

A

Immunogloubins secreted by a single clone of antibody producing cells either in vivo or in culture

42
Q

Native Immunity

A

A non-specific cellular and humoral response that operates as the bodies first one defense against pathogens

43
Q

Nonimmunogenic

A

Antigens that do not elicit an immun

Paramedic (24 decks)

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