Pathophysiology: Ch. 2 Cells and Tissues

Question 1

Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP)

Answer 1

The major energy carrier molecule in the cell that is composed of ribose sugar, adenine, and three phosphate groups

Question 2

Adipose Tissue

Answer 2

a connective tissue containing large amount of lipids

Question 3

Atrophy

Answer 3

a decrease in cell size leading to a decrease in the size of tissue and organ

Question 4

Axons

Answer 4

part of the neuron that conducts the impulses away from the cell body

Question 5

Cardiac Muslce

Answer 5

Striated involuntary muscle of the heart that contracts and generates impulses

Question 6

Cell Membrane

Answer 6

the membrane surrounding the cell that is made up of fat and proteins, which separates it from the other cells

Question 7

Chromatin

Answer 7

Long threadlike fibers in the nucleus of the cell that contain DNA and proteins

Question 8

Connective Tissue

Answer 8

Tissue that serves to bind various tissue types together

Question 9

Cytoplasm

Answer 9

a combination of fluid and organelles that comprises the contents of a cell exclusive of the nucleus

Question 10

Dendrites

Answer 10

Part of the neuron that receives impulses from the axon and contains vesicles for release of neurotransmitters

Question 11

Differentiation

Answer 11

Specialization if a stem cell into a mature cell with specialized features and function

Question 12

Dysplasia

Answer 12

an alteration in the size and shape of cells as in a tumor

Question 13

Endoplasmic Reticulum

Answer 13

Cell organelles in which lipids and specific proteins are manufactured

Question 14

Endothelial cells

Answer 14

Specific types of epithelial cells that serve the fucntion of lining the blood vessels

Question 15

Epithelium

Answer 15

Type of tissues that covers all external surfaces of the body

Question 16

Golgi Complex

Answer 16

Organelle characterized by a set of membranes, found within the cytoplasm, that are associated with the formation of carbs and complex proteins

Question 17

Hyperplasia

Answer 17

an increase in the actual number of cells, often due to hormonal stimulation

Question 18

Hypertrophy

Answer 18

an increase in the size of the cells leading to an increase in tissue and organ size

Question 19

Lysosomes

Answer 19

Membrance-bound vesicles containing enzymes that act as part of the cell’s digestive system

Question 20

Metaplasia

Answer 20

a cellular adaption in which one cell changes to another type of cell

Question 21

Mitochondria

Answer 21

the metabolic center or powerhouse of the cell. They are small and rod shape organelles

Question 22

Muscle Tissue

Answer 22

Specialized tissue designed to contract

Question 23

Nerve Tissue

Answer 23

the tissue responsible for transmitting impulses throughout the body. Nerve tissue is found in the brain, spinal cord, and peripheral nerves

Question 24

Neuritis

Answer 24

an inflammation of the nerves

Question 25

Neuropathy

Answer 25

a disease of the nerves that often causes abnormal sensations. Often found in advanced stages of diabetes

Question 26

Non striated

Answer 26

a type of muscle tissue that is moth and does not have visible bands

Question 27

Nuclear Envelope

Answer 27

the membrane surrounding the nucleus of a cell

Question 28

Nucleoli

Answer 28

Structures in the nuclei of a cell that exist temporarily during interphase. Regions of DNA that are active in the production of RNA are also referred to as nucleoli

Question 29

Nucleus

Answer 29

a cellular organelle that contains the genetic information. The nucleus controls the function and structure of a cell

Question 30

Organs

Answer 30

a series of various types of tissue types working together to accomplish a common fucntion

Question 31

Organelles

Answer 31

Internal cellular structures that carry out specific functions for the cell

Question 32

Organ Systems

Answer 32

Several organs working together for a common purpose

Question 33

Peripheral Nerves

Answer 33

all of the nerves of the body extending from the brain and spinal cord

Question 34

Ribonucleic Acid RNA

Answer 34

Nucleic acid associated with controlling cellular activites

Question 35

Ribosomes

Answer 35

Organelles that contain RNA and proteins

Question 36

Skeletal Muscle

Answer 36

Striated voluntary muscle found in the body

Question 37

Smooth Muscle

Answer 37

Nonstriated involuntary muscle that is responsible for constriction and dilation of the pupils as well as lining the glands, digestive organs, lower airway, and vessels

Question 38

Striated

Answer 38

Another name for skeletal muscle tissue, containing bands of fibers that can be seen under a microscope.

Question 39

Tissues

Answer 39

Group of cells working together for a common function such as the epithelial tissue to cover the outermost surfaces of the body