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Paramedic > Ch. 19 Nuerologic Emergencies > Flashcards

Ch. 19 Nuerologic Emergencies Flashcards

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1
Q

Prevelance

A

refers to the total number of people in a given population

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2
Q

Incidence

A

refers to the number of people newly diagnosed with particular disorder in a given 1 period year

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3
Q

CNS

A

responsible for thought, perception, feeling, and autonomic body functions

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4
Q

PNS

A

responsible for transmitting commands from the brain to the body and receiving feedback from the body

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5
Q

Efferent Nerves

A

Take signals away from the brain

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6
Q

Afferent nerves

A

Take signals to the brain

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7
Q

Ptosis

A

prolapse of body part; often refers to drooping of the eyelid

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8
Q

Anisocoria

A

unequal pupil with greater than 1-mm difference

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9
Q

AVPU

A

Evaluation tool used to determine a patients level of consciousness

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10
Q

GCS

A

Evaluation tool used to determine LOC

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11
Q

Decorticate / Decerebrate Posturing

A

Decorticate: abnormal flexion of the arms toward the core

Decerebrate: abnormal extension of the arms; wrist turned outward and toes pointed

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12
Q

Delirium vs Dementia

A

Delirium affects mainly attention, is typically caused by acute illness or drug toxicity (sometimes life threatening), and is often reversible.

Dementia affects mainly memory, is typically caused by anatomic changes in the brain, has slower onset, and is generally irreversible.

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13
Q

Gait

A

walking or ambulating

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14
Q

Ataxia

A

altercation in the ability to perform coordinated motions liked walking

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15
Q

Psychosis

A

mental disorder; lost of contact with reality

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16
Q

Agnosia

A

inability to connect and object with a name

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17
Q

Apraxia

A

inability to connect an object with its proper usage

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18
Q

Aphasia vs Dysphasia

A

no speech vs difficulty speaking

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19
Q

Dysphagia

A

difficulty swallowing

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20
Q

Hemiparesis

A

weakness to one side of the body

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21
Q

Hemiplegia

A

paralysis to one side of the body

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22
Q

Parasthesia

A

sensation of pens and needles

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23
Q

Anesthesia

A

lack of feeling within in a body

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24
Q

Dystonia

A

contraction of body into bizarre positions

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25
Q

Tremors

A

fine involuntary, rhythmic movements usually involve hands and head

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26
Q

Convulsions

A

involuntary contractions

27
Q

Seizure

A

abnormal electrical activity in the brain

28
Q

Encephalopathy

A

any brain disease that alters brain function or structure

29
Q

Diencephalon

A

Filters out unneeded information before it reaches the cerebral cortex

30
Q

Occipital General Function

A

Vision and storage of visual memories

31
Q

Parietal General funtions

A

Sense of touch and texture and storage of tactile memories

32
Q

Temporal General functions

A

Hearing
Smell
Language
Storage of Sound and odor memories

33
Q

Prefrontal

A

Judgement and prediction of consequences of a person’s actions
Abstract intellectual thought

34
Q

Limbic System

A

Emotions

Basic Reflexes such as chewing and swallowing

35
Q

Diencephalon (Thalamus)

A

Relay center that priorities signals to hone in on important messages

36
Q

Diencephalon (Hypothalamus)

A

Emotions
Temperature Control
Interface with endocrine system

37
Q

Midbrain

A

LOC
RAS - Reticular activating system
Muscle Tone and posture

38
Q

Pons

A

Respiratory pattern and depth

39
Q

Medulla Oblongata

A

Pulse Rate
BP
RR

40
Q

Spinal Cord

A

Reflexes

Relay information to and from the body

41
Q

Eupnea

A

Regular rate and pattern; inspiration and expiration are equal

42
Q

Tachypnea

A

Increased RR
Regular pattern

Causes:
Exercise
Excitement
Stimulants

43
Q

Bradypnea

A

Decreased RR

Causes:

Narcotics

44
Q

Apnea

A

Absence of breathing

Causes:
Severe Hypoxia

45
Q

Hyperpnea

A

Rapid, regular, deep RESPIRATIONS

46
Q

Cheyenne-Stokes

A

Gradual increases and decreases in respirations with periods of apnea

Causes:

Pre death pattern
Brain stem Injury

47
Q

Boot / Ataxic

A

Irregular respirations with periods of apnea; unpredictable

Causes:
Brain stem injury

48
Q

Kussmaul

A

Extreme Tachypnea and Hyperpnea

Causes:

Acidosis
Diabetic Ketoacidosis

49
Q

Apneustic

A

Prolonged inspiratory phase with shortened expiratory phase and Bradypnea

Causes:

Brain Injury

50
Q

Trismus

A

tightly clenched teeth

51
Q

Cushing reflex

A

Decreased pulse rate
Decreased RR
Widened pulse pressure (Systolic Hypertension)

52
Q

Explain the Widened Pulse Pressure which occurs ICP

A

The medulla sends a signal to the heart to increase contractions which raises the systolic pressure. If the ICP increases it causes pressure on the brain stem and the medulla cannot send signals to the body. Diastole falls through the increase of dialation of the vessels. This results in the widened pulse pressure

53
Q

What controls respiratory depth and rate?

A

The pons located inferior of the midbrain

54
Q

What controls BP and HR?

A

Medulla oblongata

55
Q

Emotions come from what part of the brain?

A

Two main areas: Limbic System and Hypothalamus

56
Q

Frontal Lobes controls:

A

Conscious thought
Speech
Smell
Primary motor area

57
Q

Temporal Lobe controls:

A

Hearing

Reading

58
Q

Parietal Lobe controls:

A

Body awareness
Primary Sensory Area
Language
Taste

59
Q

Occipital Lobe controls:

A

Vision

60
Q

Whats the major role of the Diencephalon?

A

To filter out uneeded information before it reaches the cerebral cortex

61
Q

Synapes

A

the slight gap located between each cell. They are present when a nerve cell terminates “connects” to the next cell using chemical transmitters such as dopamine, acetylcholine, epinephrine and serotonin.

62
Q

Myelin

A

a insulating sheath that allows for conduction and transmission for neurons.

63
Q

Trismus

A

Clenched teeth

Paramedic (24 decks)

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