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First Aid Neurology > Pharmacology 3 > Flashcards

Pharmacology 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Four major CNS stimulant drugs of abuse

A

Caffeine, nicotine, cocaine, amphetamines

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2
Q

Treatments available for nicotine addiction

A

Patch, gum, lozenge, bupropion, varenicline

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3
Q

CNS stimulant that acts by inhibiting reuptake of neurotransmitters; may cause pupil dilation, alter tactile sensation, irregular breathing, and cardiac toxicity

A

Cocaine

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4
Q

Amphetamine derivatives commonly abused

A

Methamphetamine (crystal meth), MDMA (methylenedioxymeth-amphetamine, or ecstasy)

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5
Q

Drug of abuse that was developed as a dissociative anesthetic; intoxication leads to both horizontal and vertical nystagmus, analgesia, psychosis, delirium, and seizures

A

PCP (phencyclidine, or angel dust)

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6
Q

Synthetic ergot derivative that can produce perceptual hallucinations and used as an illicit drug; may cause paranoia

A

LSD (lysergic acid diethylamide)

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7
Q

Active ingredient is tetrahydrocannabinol (THC); side effects include impairment of judgment, altered sense of time, increased appetite, and hallucinations

A

Marijuana

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8
Q

Use of all antipsychotic medication in this group of patients is associated with increased risk of deaths

A

Elderly with dementia-related psychosis

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9
Q

Antipsychotics that repress primarily the positive symptoms of schizophrenia

A

Typical antipsychotics

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10
Q

Primary mechanism of action of typical antipsychotics

A

Inhibits D2 receptors

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11
Q

Common endocrine side effects of all typical antipsychotic drugs

A

Hyperprolactinemia, galactorrhea

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12
Q

Two low potency, typical antipsychotic drugs

A

Chlorpromazine, thioridazine

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13
Q

Typical antipsychotic associated with retinopathy and cardiac toxicity

A

Thioridazine

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14
Q

Common side effects of low potency typical antipsychotic drugs

A

Dry mouth (anticholinergic), sedation (antihistamine), hypotension (α1 block)

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15
Q

Three high potency, typical antipsychotic drugs

A

Haloperidol, fluphenazine, trifluoperazine

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16
Q

Typical antipsychotic that can also be used for Tourette syndrome

A

Haloperidol

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17
Q

Side effects more commonly associated with high potency typical antipsychotic drugs

A

Dystonia, akathisia, bradykinesia, tardive dyskinesia (extrapyramidal symptoms)

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18
Q

Treatment for drug-induced acute extrapyramidal symptoms

A

Benztropine, diphenhydramine

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19
Q

Life-threatening side effect associated with typical antipsychotic drugs

A

Neuroleptic malignant syndrome

20
Q

Treatment for drug-induced neuroleptic malignant syndrome

A

Dantrolene

21
Q

Act via BZ1 subtype of GABA receptor, effects reversed by flumazenil

A

Zolpidem (ambien), Zaleplon, eszopiclone

22
Q

Myocardial depression, respiratory depression, N/V, increases cerebral blood flow

A

Inhaled anesthetics

23
Q

Halothane toxicity

A

Hepatotoxicity

24
Q

Methoxyflurane toxicity

A

Nephrotoxicity

25
Q

High potency, high lipid solubility, rapid entry into brain. Used for induction of anesthesia and short surgical procedures

A

Thiopental

26
Q

Most common drug used for endoscopy; used adjunctively with gaseous anesthetics and narcotics

A

Midazolam

27
Q

Used for sedation in ICU, rapid anesthesia induction, and short procedures. Less post-op nausea than thiopental

A

Propofol

28
Q

Local anesthetics - Esters

A

Procaine, cocaine, tetracaine

29
Q

Local Anesthetics - Amides

A

Lidocaine, Mepivacaine, Bupivicaine,

30
Q

Bupivicaine toxicity

A

Cardiovascular toxicity

31
Q

Prevents the release of calcium from the SR of skeletal muscle

A

Dantrolene

32
Q

used to tx malignant hyperthermia and neuroleptic syndrome

A

Dantrolene

33
Q

Dopamine Agonists

A

Bromocriptine(ergot), pramipexole, ropinirole (non-ergot)

34
Q

COMT inhibitors, prevent L-dopa degradation

A

Entacapone, Tolcapone

35
Q

Antimuscarinic that improves tremor and rigidity but has little effect on bradykinesia

A

Benztropine

36
Q

Drug that is converted to dopamine in CNS by dopa decarboxylase

A

Levodopa

37
Q

Peripheral decarboxylase inhibitor

A

Carbidopa

38
Q

Selectively inhibits MAO-B, which preferentially metabolizes DA over NE and 5-HT, therefore increases dopamine. Adjunctive adent of L-dopa of Parkinson

A

Selegiline

39
Q

NMDA receptor antagonist; helps prevent excitotoxicity (mediated by calcium) used for Alzheimer

A

Memantine

40
Q

Toxicity of Memantine

A

Dizziness, confusion, hallucinations

41
Q

3 AChE inhibitors used for Alzheimer

A

Donepezil, Galantamine, Rivastigmine

42
Q

Dopamine receptor antagonist used for Huntington

A

Haloperidol

43
Q

Inhibit vesicular monoamine transporter (VMAT), limit dopamine vesicle packaging and release used for Huntington

A

tetrabenazine and reserpine

44
Q

5-HT 1B/1D agonist, inhibits trigeminal nerve activation; prevents vasoactive peptide release; induces vasoconstriction

A

Sumatriptan

45
Q

Used for acute migraine, cluster HA attacks

A

Sumatriptan

46
Q

Sumatriptan toxicity

A

coronary vasospasm, mild tingling

47
Q

Sumatriptan is contraindications

A

Coronary artery disease or Prinzmetal Angina

First Aid Neurology (16 decks)

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