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First Aid Neurology > Embryology > Flashcards

Embryology Flashcards

1
Q

Alar Plate

A

Dorsal, Sensory

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2
Q

Basal Plate

A

Ventral, Motor

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3
Q

Notochord

A

Nucleus Pulposus and IV disc in adults, Induces overlying ectoderm to differentiate into neuroectoderm and formneural plate

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4
Q

Neural Plate

A

Neural Tube and Neural Crest Cells

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5
Q

Prosencephalon

A

Forebrain, makes up the telencephalon and diencephalon

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6
Q

Telencephalon

A

Cerebral hemispheres and lateral ventricles

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7
Q

Diencephalon

A

Thalamus and third ventricle

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8
Q

Mesencephalon

A

Midbrain, aqueduct

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9
Q

Rhombencephalon

A

hindbrain, splits into metencephalon & myelencephalon

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10
Q

Metencephalon

A

Pons and cerebellum

upper part of 4th ventricle

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11
Q

Myelencephalon

A

medulla, lower part of 4th ventricle

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12
Q

Neuroectoderm

A

CNS neurons, ependymal cells, oligodendroglia, astrocytes

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13
Q

Neural Crest

A

PNS neurons, Schwann cells

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14
Q

Mesoderm

A

Microglia

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15
Q

Neural Tube Defects

A

elevated AFP in amniotic fluid and maternal serum, increased AChE in amniotic fluid

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16
Q

Failure of bony spinal canal to close but no structural herniation. Tuft of hair or skin dimple at level of bony defect

A

Spina bifida occulta

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17
Q

Meninges, not spinal cord, herniate through spinal canal defect (normal AFP)

A

Meningocele

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18
Q

Meninges and spinal cord herniate through spinal canal defect

A

Meningomyelocele

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19
Q

Malformation of anterior neural tube resulting in no forebrain, polyhydraminos

A

Anencephaly

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20
Q

Frog-like appearance

A

Anencephaly

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21
Q

Failure of left and right brain hemispheres to separate

A

Holoprosencephaly

22
Q

Mutations in sonic hedgehog signaling pathway

A

Holoprosencephaly

23
Q

herniation of cerebellar tonsils and vermis through foramen magnum

A

Arnold Chiari Malformation II

24
Q

Aqueductal stenosis and hydrocephalus, often presents with lumbosacral myelomeningocele and paralysis below the defect

A

Arnold Chiari Malformation II

25
Q

Agenesis of cerebellar vermis with cystic enlargment of 4th ventricle

A

Dandy-Walker

26
Q

Enlarged posterior fossa

A

Dandy-Walker

27
Q

Cystic cavity (syrinx) within the spinal cord

A

Syringomyelia

28
Q

“cape-like” BL loss of pain and temperature sensation in upper extremities; Anterior Spinal Commissural fibers

A

Syringomyelia

29
Q

Most commen syrinx location

A

C8-T1

30
Q

Syringomyelia is associated with

A

Chiari I malformation

31
Q

Sensation of Anterior 2/3 of tongue

A

CN V3

32
Q

Taste sensation of Anterior 2/3 of tongue

A

CN VII

33
Q

Taste and Sensation of Posterior 1/3 of Tongue

A

CN IX

34
Q

Taste in the extreme posterior tongue

A

CN X

35
Q

Occipital Myotomes

A

where muscles of tongue are derived from

36
Q

Arches for Anterior 2/3 tongue

A

Arches 1 & 2

37
Q

Arches for Posterior 1/3 tongue

A

Arches 3 & 4

38
Q

Multinucleated giant cells in the CNS

A

HIV-infected microglia

39
Q

Injured in MS, PML and leukodystrophies

A

Oligodendroglia

40
Q

Promote axonal regeneration

A

Schwann Cells

41
Q

BL Acoustic neuroma

A

Neurofibromatosis type 2

42
Q

Meissner Corpuscles

A 
Large, myelinated fibers; adapt quickly
in Glabrous (hairless) skin
43
Q

Sensory Corpuscles Dynamic, fine/light touch; position sense

A

Meissner Corpuscles

44
Q

Sensory Corpuscles Vibration and pressure

A

Pacinian corpuscles

45
Q

Sensory Corpuscles Found in deep skin layers, ligaments, and joints

A

Pacinian Corpuscles

46
Q

Sensory Corpuscles In basal epidermal layer, hair follicles

A

Merkel Discs

47
Q

Sensory Corpuscles Pressure, deep static touch, position sense

A

Merkel Discs

48
Q

Invests single nerve fiber layers

A

Endoneurium

49
Q

Surrounds a fascicle of nerve fibers.

A

Perineurium

50
Q

Dense CT that surrounds entire nerve

A

Epineurium

First Aid Neurology (16 decks)

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