Anatomy 3 Flashcards
Decrease CSF absorption by arachnoid granulations which can lead to increased ICP, papilledema, and herniation
Communicating Hydrocephalus
Arachnoid Scarring post-meningitis
Communicating Hydrocephalus
wet, wobbly and wacky
Normal pressure hydrocephalus
Expansion of ventricles distorting the fibers of corona radiata
Normal pressure hydrocephalus
Appearance of increased CSF but ICP is normal, decrease in neural tissue
Hydrocephalus ex vacuo, in Alzheimer, advanced HIV and Pick dx
Structural blockage of CSF circulation within the ventricular system, stenosis of aqueduct of Sylvius
Noncommunicating Hydrocephalus
Exit of C1-C7
above the corresponding vertebra, all others are below corresponding vertebra
vertebral disc herniation
nucleus pulposus herniates posterolaterally through annulus fibrosis at L4-L5 or L5-S1
Where spinal cord extends
L1-L2 vertebrae
Extension of subarachnoid space
Lower border of S2
Dorsal Column
ascending tract, pressure, vibration, touch, proprioception
Fasciculus gracilis
Medial part of dorsal column, lower body and legs
Fasciculus Cuneatus
Lateral part of dorsal column, upper body and arms
Location of Intermediate horn sympathetics
T1-L2/3
Lateral Spinothalamic Tract
pain, temperature; ascending spinal tract found lateral to anterior horn
Anterior spinothalamic tract
crude touch, pressure; ascending spinal tract found anterior to anterior horn
Anterior corticospinal tract
voluntary motor; descending spinal tract found lateral to anteriro spinal sulcus
Lateral Corticospinal Tract
Voluntary motor; descending spinal tract found lateral to posterior horn
Decussation of Dorsal Column
In medulla, ascend CL in medial lemniscus
Decussation of Spinothalamic tract
Anterior white commisure, ascends CL
Lower MN signs
Less muscle mass, decreased muscle tone, decreased reflexes, downgoing toes
Upper MN signs
Increased tone, DTRs and + Babinski
Destruction of Anterior horns
Flaccid paralysis, LMN lesion
Caused by Polio, spinal muscular atrophy, Werdnig-Hoffman
Demyelination of white matter mostly in cervical region, asymmetric lesions
MS
Scanning speech, intention tremor, nystagmus
MS
UMN and LMN deficient with no sensory, cognitive or oculomotor deficits
Amylotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
Zn-Cu Superoxide Dismutase deficiency
Familial Amylotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
Used to increase survival of ALS
Riluzole
Starts with fasciculations with eventual atrophy and weakness of hands; fatal
ALS
Complete occlusion of anterior spinal artery
Spares Dorsal columns and lissauer tract
Artery of Adamkiewicz
Supplies ASA below ~T8
Caused by tertiary syphilis, results from demyelination of dorsal column and roots
Tabes dorsalis
Inability to sense or feel the legs, associated with Charcot Joints, shooting pain (+) Romberg
Tabes Dorsalis
Argyll Robertson Pupils
small bilateral pupils that further constrict to accommodation and convergence, not to light
Progression of Syringomyelia
- Anterior white commissures (BL loss of pain and temp)
- Anterior horn (LMN atrophy)
- Lateral Horn (Horner’s syndrome)
Vitamin B12 or E deficiency
Subacute Combined Degeneration, demyelination of dorsal columns, lateral corticospinal tracts and spinocerebellar tract - causes ataxic gait, paresthesia, impaired position and viibiration sense
Replication of Poliovirius
Oropharynx and small intestine before spreading to blood stream to CNS
Poliovirus destroys what area of spinal cord
Anteriro Horn causing LMN death
Congenital deterioration of anterior horns, autosomal recessive, marked hypotonia and tongue fasciculations
Werdnig-Hoffman disease, spinal muscular atrophy
Infantile recessive trinucleotide repeat of GAA on chromosome 9
Friedrich ataxia
Staggering gait, frequent falling, nystagmus, dysarthria, pes cavus, hammer toes, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
Friedrich Ataxia
favorite frat brother, always stumbling, staggering, and falling, but has a big heart
Semisection of spinal cord
Brown-Sequard Syndrome
Sign of Brown-Sequard Syndrome
IL UMN signs below lesion
IL loss of tactile, vibration, proprioception sense 1-2 levels below lesion
CL pain and temp loss below lesion
IL loss of all sensation at level of lesion
IL LMN signs (flaccid paralysis)
