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First Aid Neurology > Anatomy 3 > Flashcards

Anatomy 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Decrease CSF absorption by arachnoid granulations which can lead to increased ICP, papilledema, and herniation

A

Communicating Hydrocephalus

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2
Q

Arachnoid Scarring post-meningitis

A

Communicating Hydrocephalus

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3
Q

wet, wobbly and wacky

A

Normal pressure hydrocephalus

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4
Q

Expansion of ventricles distorting the fibers of corona radiata

A

Normal pressure hydrocephalus

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5
Q

Appearance of increased CSF but ICP is normal, decrease in neural tissue

A

Hydrocephalus ex vacuo, in Alzheimer, advanced HIV and Pick dx

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6
Q

Structural blockage of CSF circulation within the ventricular system, stenosis of aqueduct of Sylvius

A

Noncommunicating Hydrocephalus

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7
Q

Exit of C1-C7

A

above the corresponding vertebra, all others are below corresponding vertebra

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8
Q

vertebral disc herniation

A

nucleus pulposus herniates posterolaterally through annulus fibrosis at L4-L5 or L5-S1

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9
Q

Where spinal cord extends

A

L1-L2 vertebrae

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10
Q

Extension of subarachnoid space

A

Lower border of S2

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11
Q

Dorsal Column

A

ascending tract, pressure, vibration, touch, proprioception

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12
Q

Fasciculus gracilis

A

Medial part of dorsal column, lower body and legs

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13
Q

Fasciculus Cuneatus

A

Lateral part of dorsal column, upper body and arms

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14
Q

Location of Intermediate horn sympathetics

A

T1-L2/3

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15
Q

Lateral Spinothalamic Tract

A

pain, temperature; ascending spinal tract found lateral to anterior horn

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16
Q

Anterior spinothalamic tract

A

crude touch, pressure; ascending spinal tract found anterior to anterior horn

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17
Q

Anterior corticospinal tract

A

voluntary motor; descending spinal tract found lateral to anteriro spinal sulcus

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18
Q

Lateral Corticospinal Tract

A

Voluntary motor; descending spinal tract found lateral to posterior horn

19
Q

Decussation of Dorsal Column

A

In medulla, ascend CL in medial lemniscus

20
Q

Decussation of Spinothalamic tract

A

Anterior white commisure, ascends CL

21
Q

Lower MN signs

A

Less muscle mass, decreased muscle tone, decreased reflexes, downgoing toes

22
Q

Upper MN signs

A

Increased tone, DTRs and + Babinski

23
Q

Destruction of Anterior horns

A

Flaccid paralysis, LMN lesion

Caused by Polio, spinal muscular atrophy, Werdnig-Hoffman

24
Q

Demyelination of white matter mostly in cervical region, asymmetric lesions

A

MS

25
Q

Scanning speech, intention tremor, nystagmus

A

MS

26
Q

UMN and LMN deficient with no sensory, cognitive or oculomotor deficits

A

Amylotrophic Lateral Sclerosis

27
Q

Zn-Cu Superoxide Dismutase deficiency

A

Familial Amylotrophic Lateral Sclerosis

28
Q

Used to increase survival of ALS

A

Riluzole

29
Q

Starts with fasciculations with eventual atrophy and weakness of hands; fatal

A

ALS

30
Q

Complete occlusion of anterior spinal artery

A

Spares Dorsal columns and lissauer tract

31
Q

Artery of Adamkiewicz

A

Supplies ASA below ~T8

32
Q

Caused by tertiary syphilis, results from demyelination of dorsal column and roots

A

Tabes dorsalis

33
Q

Inability to sense or feel the legs, associated with Charcot Joints, shooting pain (+) Romberg

A

Tabes Dorsalis

34
Q

Argyll Robertson Pupils

A

small bilateral pupils that further constrict to accommodation and convergence, not to light

35
Q

Progression of Syringomyelia

A
  1. Anterior white commissures (BL loss of pain and temp)
  2. Anterior horn (LMN atrophy)
  3. Lateral Horn (Horner’s syndrome)
36
Q

Vitamin B12 or E deficiency

A

Subacute Combined Degeneration, demyelination of dorsal columns, lateral corticospinal tracts and spinocerebellar tract - causes ataxic gait, paresthesia, impaired position and viibiration sense

37
Q

Replication of Poliovirius

A

Oropharynx and small intestine before spreading to blood stream to CNS

38
Q

Poliovirus destroys what area of spinal cord

A

Anteriro Horn causing LMN death

39
Q

Congenital deterioration of anterior horns, autosomal recessive, marked hypotonia and tongue fasciculations

A

Werdnig-Hoffman disease, spinal muscular atrophy

40
Q

Infantile recessive trinucleotide repeat of GAA on chromosome 9

A

Friedrich ataxia

41
Q

Staggering gait, frequent falling, nystagmus, dysarthria, pes cavus, hammer toes, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

A

Friedrich Ataxia

favorite frat brother, always stumbling, staggering, and falling, but has a big heart

42
Q

Semisection of spinal cord

A

Brown-Sequard Syndrome

43
Q

Sign of Brown-Sequard Syndrome

A

IL UMN signs below lesion
IL loss of tactile, vibration, proprioception sense 1-2 levels below lesion
CL pain and temp loss below lesion
IL loss of all sensation at level of lesion
IL LMN signs (flaccid paralysis)

First Aid Neurology (16 decks)

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