Anatomy and Physiology

Question 1

Locus Ceruleus (pons)

Answer 1

Norepinephrine

Question 2

Ventral tegmentum and SNc (midbrain)

Answer 2

Dopamine

Question 3

Raphe nucleus (pons, medulla, midbrain)

Answer 3

5-HT

Question 4

Basal Nucleus of Meynert

Answer 4

ACh

Question 5

Nucleus Accumbens

Answer 5

GABA

Question 6

Anxiety NTs

Answer 6

Increased NE

Decreased 5-HT & GABA

Question 7

Depression NTs

Answer 7

Decreased in NE, DA, 5-HT

Question 8

Huntington NTs

Answer 8

Increased in DA

Decreased in ACh and GABA

Question 9

Parkinson NTs

Answer 9

Increased in 5-HT, ACh

Decreased in Dopamine

Question 10

Alzheimer NTs

Answer 10

Decreased in ACh

Question 11

Nucleus accumbens and septal nucleus

Answer 11

Reward center, pleasure, addiction, fear

Question 12

3 Structures in BBB

Answer 12

Tight Junctions b/w nonfenestrated capillary endothelial cells, basement membrane, astrocyte foot processes

Question 13

Area Postrema

Answer 13

Vomiting after chemo

Question 14

OVLT

Answer 14

osmotic sensing

Question 15

Lateral Area of Hypothalamus

Answer 15

Hunger

Destruction = Anorexia, failure to thrive

Question 16

Ventromedial Area of Hypothalamus

Answer 16

Satiety

Destruction = hyperphagia

Question 17

Anterior Hypothalamus

Answer 17

Cooling, parasympathetic

Destruction = can’t cool down, too hot

Question 18

Posterior Hypothalamus

Answer 18

Heating, Sympathetic

Destruction = can’t heat up, too cold

Question 19

Suprachiasmatic Nucleus

Answer 19

Circadian Rhythm

Question 20

Tx of bedwetting

Answer 20

oral desmopressin acetate (DDAVP)

Question 21

Alcohol, Benzodiazepines and barbituates effect on sleep

Answer 21

decreases REM and delta wave

Question 22

Extraocular movements during REM sleep

Answer 22

PPRF - paramedian pontine reticular formation

Question 23

Awake eyes open

Answer 23

Beta, highest frequency, lowest amplitude

Question 24

Awake eyes closed

Answer 24

Alpha

Question 25

Stage N1

Answer 25

Light sleep, theta waves

Question 26

Stage N2

Answer 26

Deeper sleep; when bruxism occurs

Question 27

Sleep Spindles and K complexes

Answer 27

Stage N2

Question 28

Stage N3

Answer 28

Deepest non-REM sleep; sleepwalking, night terrors, and bedwetting

Question 29

Delta Waves

Answer 29

Lowest frequency, highest amplitude, Stage N3

Question 30

REM sleep

Answer 30

Beta waves, Loss of motor tone, increased brain oxygen use and increased pulse and BP

Question 31

Supraoptic Nuclei

Answer 31

ADH

Question 32

Paraventricular Nuclei

Answer 32

Oxytocin

Question 33

VPL Nucleus of Thalamus

Answer 33

Pain and temperature; pressure, touch, vibration, and proprioception

Question 34

VPM Nucleus of Thalamus

Answer 34

Face sensation and taste

Question 35

LGN Nucleus of Thalamus

Answer 35

From CN II, Vision (Lateral, light)

Question 36

MGN Nucleus of Thalamus

Answer 36

From Superior olive and Inferior colliculus of tectum

Hearing (Medial, music)

Question 37

VL Nucleus of Thalamus

Answer 37

From Basal Ganglia; motor

Question 38

Limbic System Structures

Answer 38

Hippocampus, Amygdala, Fornix, Mammillary Bodies, and Cingulate Gyrus

Question 39

Lateral Lesions of Cerebellum

Answer 39

propensity to fall toward injured (IL) side

Question 40

Medial Lesions of Cerebellum

Answer 40

Vermal Cx, Fastigal nuclei and/or flocculonodular lobe
truncal ataxia, nystagmus, and head tilting
Wide-based cerebellar gait