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First Aid Neurology > Ears & Eyes Anatomy/Physio > Flashcards

Ears & Eyes Anatomy/Physio Flashcards

1
Q

Visible portion of ear

A

Pinna

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2
Q

Air filled sspace with 3 bones called the ossicle (malleus, incus, stapes)

A

Middle Ear

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3
Q

Low Frequency

A

heard at apex near helicotrema (wide and flexible)

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4
Q

High Frequency

A

base of cochlea (thin and rigid)

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5
Q

Tonotopy

A

Each frequency leads to vibration at specific location on the basilar membrane

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6
Q

Conductive Hearing loss

A

Bone > Air

Weber test will localize to affected ear

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7
Q

Sensorineural Hearing Loss

A

Air > Bone

Weber localizes to unaffected near

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8
Q

Noise induced hearing loss

A

damage to stereocilia cells in organ of Corti; loss of high frequency hearing 1st

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9
Q

Complete destruction of the facial nucleus or its branchial efferent fibers (facial nerve proper)

A

Facial nerve palsy

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10
Q

Lyme disease, herpes simplex/zoster, sarcoidosis, tumors and diabetes

A

Facial Nerve Palsy

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11
Q

Tx for Facial nerve palsy

A

Corticosteroids

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12
Q

Muscles that close jaw

A

Masseter, temporalis, medial pterygoid

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13
Q

Muscle that lowers the jaw

A

Lateral Pterygoid

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14
Q

IL paralysis of upper and lower face

A

LMN Lesion

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15
Q

Lesion ofmotor cortex or connection between Cx and facial nucleus
CL paralysis of lower face, forehead spared due to BL

A

UMN Lesion

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16
Q

Eye too short for refractive power of cornea and lens, light focused behind retina

A

Hyperopia, Farsighted

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17
Q

Eye too long for refractive power of cornea and lens, light focused in front of retina

A

Myopia, Nearsighted

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18
Q

Abnormal curvature of cornea resulting in different refractive power at different axes

A

Astigmatism

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19
Q

Decrease in focusing ability during accommodation due to sclerosis and decreased elasticity

A

Presbyopia

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20
Q

hypopyon

A

Sterile pus

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21
Q

Inflammation of anterior uvea and iris, often associated with Sarcoid, Rheumatoid arthritis, juvenile idiopathic arthritis, TB, HLA-B27)

A

Uveitis

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22
Q

Retinal edema and necrosis leading to scar, often viral (CMV, HSV, HZV)

A

Retinitis

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23
Q

Acute, painless monocular vision loss, retina cloudy with attenuated vassels and “cherry-red” spot at fovea

A

Central Retinal Artery Occlusion

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24
Q

Non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy

A

leakage of capillaries, lipids and fluid seep into retina, hemorrhages and macular edema

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25
Q

Tx of non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy

A

Blood sugar control, Macular laser

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26
Q

Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy

A

Chronic hypoxia results in new blood vessel formation with resultant traction on retina

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27
Q

Tx of Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy

A

Peripheral retinal photocoagulation, anti-VEGF injections

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28
Q

Collects aqueous humor from trabecular meshwork

A

Canal of Schlemm

29
Q

Collects Aqueous humor that flows through Anterior Chamber

A

Trabecular Meshwork

30
Q

Ciliary muscle

A

M3

31
Q

Produces aqueous humor

A

Ciliary epithelium (Beta)

32
Q

Painless increase in IOP and progressive peripheral visual field loss

A

Open Angle Glaucoma

33
Q

Enlargement or forward movement of lens against central iris (pupil margin) leads to obstruction of normal aqueous flow through pupil

A

Primary Closed/Narrowed Angle Glaucoma

34
Q

Hypoxia from retinal disease like diabetes and vein occlusion that induces vasoproliferation in iris that contracts angle

A

Seconadry Closed/Narrowed Angle Glaucoma

35
Q

Chronic Closed Angle Glaucoma

A

Often asymptomatic with damage to optic nerve and peripheral vision

36
Q

Acute Closed Angle Glaucoma

A

True ophthalmic emergency, very painful, sudden vision loss, halos around lights, rock-hard eye, frontal headache

37
Q

Opacification of lens

A

Cataract

38
Q

Optic Disc Swelling due to increased ICP

A

Papilledema

39
Q

Enlarged blind spot and elevated optic disc with blurred margins on fundoscopic exam

A

Papilledema

40
Q

Eye looks down and out; ptosis, pupillary dilation, loss of accommodation

A

CN III damage

41
Q

Problems going down stairs, compensatory head tilt to CL side going downstairs

A

CN IV damage

42
Q

eyes move upward wuth CL gaze and head tilt to side of lesion

A

CN IV damage

43
Q

Medially directed eye that cannot abduct

A

CN VI damage

44
Q

Have patient look medial and up

A

Inferior Oblique

45
Q

Have Patient look medial and down

A

Superior Oblique

46
Q

Have patient look lateral and up

A

Superior Rectus

47
Q

Have patient look lateral and down

A

Inferior Rectus

48
Q

Look lateral

A

Lateral rectus

49
Q

Look medial

A

Medial rectus

50
Q

Miosis

A

Constriction, PS, Edinger-Westphal nucleus to ciliary ganglion via CN III

51
Q

Mydriasis

A

Dilation, Sympathetic, Hypothalamus to ciliospinal center of Budge

52
Q

Short ciliary nerves

A

Parasympathetic, causes Miosis (constriction)

53
Q

Long Ciliary Nerve

A

Sympathetic, causes Mydriasis (dilation)

54
Q

Marcus Gunn Pupil

A

Afferent pupillary defect, optic nerve or severe retinal injury.
decreased BL pupillary constriction with light in affected eye, light in unaffected eye will cause BL pupillary constriction

55
Q

Swinging Flashlight test

A

Marcus Gunn Pupil

56
Q

Interior CN III damage

A

Diabetes, vascular issues; motor output is affected

ptosis, down and out gaze

57
Q

Peripheral CN III damage

A

compression of PCom aneurysm or uncal herniation

diminished or absent pupillary light reflex; “blown pupil” can have down and out gaze

58
Q

Flashes and Floaters, eventual monocular loss of vision like curtain drawn down

A

Retinal detachment

59
Q

Meyer loop

A

inferior retina; loops around inferior horn of lateral ventricle

60
Q

Dorsal Optic Radiation

A

superior retina; takes shortest path via internal capsule

61
Q

Pituitary Lesion, Chiasm

A

Bitemporal Hemianopia

62
Q

Right temporal Lesion, MCA

A

Left upper quadrantic anopia

63
Q

Right parietal lesion, MCA

A

Left lower quadrantic anopia

64
Q

PCA infarct

A

Left hemianopia with macular sparing

65
Q

Macular degeneration

A

Central Scotoma

66
Q

Lesion of Medial Longitudinal Fasciculus

A

Internuclear Ophthalmoplegia, Abducting eye gets nystagmus (CNVI overfires to stimulate CNIII) convergence is normal

67
Q

MLF in looking left

A

Left nucleus of CN VI fires contracting Lat rectus, Stimulates CL (right) nucleus of CN III via right MLF to contract the left medial rectus

68
Q

Naming INO

A

refers to which eye is paralyzed, Right INO is a right MLF Lesion (right eye can’t adduct and left eye, abducting eye has nystagmus)

69
Q

Do 10 push ups

A

or 20

First Aid Neurology (16 decks)

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