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First Aid Neurology > Neural Blood Vessels > Flashcards

Neural Blood Vessels Flashcards

1
Q

Mild Global Ischemia

A

Transient confusion, can get complete recovery

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2
Q

Severe Global Ischemia

A

diffuse necrosis of the brain, usually don’t survive

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3
Q

Moderate Global Ischemia

A

Infarcts in watershed areas

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4
Q

Cortical laminar necrosis

A

Pyramidal neurons; Layers 3, 5 &6

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5
Q

Supplies anteromedial surface of brain

A

Anterior Cerebral Artery

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6
Q

Supplies lateral surface of brain

A

Middle Cerebral Artery

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7
Q

Supplies posterior and inferior surfaces of the brain

A

Posterior Cerebral Artery

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8
Q

Primary regulation of cerebral perfusion

A

pCO2

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9
Q

To decrease ICP

A

hyperventilation

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10
Q

CL paralysis of upper limb and face

A

Lesion of MCA in the motor cx area

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11
Q

CL hemiparesis/hemiplegia

A

Lesion lenticulostriate artery of striatum, internal capsul

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12
Q

CL loss of sensation of lower limbs

A

Lesion of ACA of sensory cortex

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13
Q

CL loss of sensation of upper and lower limbs and face

A

Lesion of MCA sensory cortex

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14
Q

CL paralysis of lower limb

A

Lesion of ACA motor cortex

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15
Q

Infarct of paramedian branches of ASA and vertebral arteries

A

Medial Medullary syndrome

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16
Q

CL hemiparesis of upper and lower limbs

A

Lesion of ASA lateral corticospinal tract

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17
Q

Decreased CL proprioception

A

Lesion of ASA medial lemniscus

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18
Q

IL hypoglossal dysfx, tongue deviates IL

A

Lesion of ASA causal medulla (hypoglossal nerve)

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19
Q

Decreased pain and temperature from IL face and CL body; dysphagia, hoarseness, IL Horner Syndrome

A 
Lateral medullary (Wallenberg) Syndrome
PICA
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20
Q

Supplies the Lateral Medulla - vestibular nuclei, lateral spinothalamic tract, spinal trigeminal nucleus, nucleus ambiguus, sympathetic fibers, inferior cerebellar peduncle

A

PICA

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21
Q

Supplies Lateral pons - CN nuclei, cestibular nuclei, facial nucleus, spinal trigeminal nucleus, cochlear nuclei, sympathetic fibers

A

AICA

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22
Q

Supplies Middle and inferior cerebellar peduncles

A

AICA

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23
Q

Infarct of Middle and inferior cerebellar peduncles

A

AICA, causes ataxia and dysmetria

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24
Q

Paralysis of face, decreased lacrimation, salivation, decreased taste from anterior 2/3 of tongue, decreased corneal reflex. IL decreased hearing loss

A

AICA infarct of lateral pons

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25
Q

Supplies occipital Cx and visual cortex

26
Q

CL hemianopia with macular sparing

A

PCA infarct

27
Q

Lesion causes “Locked-in syndrome”

A

Basilar artery - conscious patient that can only blink

28
Q

Aneurysm can cause visual field deficits

29
Q

Common site of saccular aneurysm, CNIII palsy

A

PCom - eye is down and out with ptosis and pupil dilation

30
Q

Worst headache of life

A

Subarachnoid hemorrhage (burst of berry aneurysm)

31
Q

Common location of berry aneurysm

A

ACom and anterior cerebral artery

32
Q

Diseases associated with berry aneurysm

A

ADPKD, Ehlers-Danlos, Marfan

33
Q

Associated with chronic HTN affecting small BVs, intracerebral hemorrhage

A

Charcot-Bouchard Microaneurysm

34
Q

neuropathic pain due to thalamic lesions. Initial sensation of numbness and tinging followed by allodynia

A

Central post-stroke pain syndrome

35
Q

Rupture of MMA

A

Epidural hematoma

36
Q

Fracture of temporal bone

A

Epidural hematoma

37
Q

Hyperdense blood collectioni not crossing suture lines, can cross falx and tentorium

A

Epidural Hematoma

38
Q

CT shows a biconvex (lentiform) hyperdense blood collection

A

Epidural Hematoma

39
Q

Transtentorial herniation causing CN III palsy

A

Epidural Hematoma

40
Q

Bridging Veins

A

Subdural hematoma

41
Q

Slow venous bleeding, crescent shaped hemorrhage that crosses cuture lines

A

Subdural hematoma

42
Q

Bloody of yellow (xanthochromic) spinal tap

A

Subarachnoid hemorrhage

43
Q

Tx with Nimodipine

A

Subarachnoid Hemorrhage

44
Q

Charcot-Bouchard Aneurysm of lenticulostriate vessels

A

Intraparenchymal (Hypertensive) Hemorrhage

45
Q

Areas of brain most vulnerable to ischemic brain disease

A

Hippocampus, neocortex, cerebellum, watershed areas

46
Q

Best imaging modality for 3-30min after ischemic brain disease

47
Q

Best imaging for 12-24hrs after ischemic brain disease

A

noncontrast CT

48
Q

Histologic features 12-48hrs post brain ischemia

A

Red neurons

49
Q

Histologic feature 24-72hrs post brain ischemia

A

Necrosis + Neutrophils

50
Q

Histologic feature 3-5days post brain ischemia

A

Macrophages

51
Q

Histologic feature 1-2weeks post brain ischemia

A

Reactive gliosis + vascular proliferation

52
Q

Histologic feature >2 weeks post brain ischemia

A

Glial Scar

53
Q

Most common site of intracerebral hemorrhage

A

Basal Ganglia

54
Q

Primary cause of Embolism of Brain

A

Left heart

55
Q

Most common area for thrombotic infarction

56
Q

Tx of ischemic stroke in under 3hrs

57
Q

Brief, reversible episode of focal neurological dysfunction lasting <24hr, (-) MRI

A

Transient ischemic attack

58
Q

Main location of CSF return via arachnoid granulation

A

Superior saggital sinus

59
Q

Flow of CSF

A

Lateral ventricle, 3rd ventricle via right and left interventricular foramina of Monro, 4th ventricle via cerebral aqueduct of Sylvius, Subarachnoid space Via foramina Luschka and Magendie

60
Q

Foramina of Luschka

A

Drains lateral 4th ventricle

61
Q

Foramen of Magendie

A

Drains medial 4th ventricle

62
Q

Who need to purchase ear plugs?

First Aid Neurology (16 decks)

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