Pharmacodynamics DLA Flashcards
What is a drug?
Drugs are chemicals that alter basic cellular processes. They can stimulate or inhibit
normal cellular functions.
What’s the importance drug interactions?
The effects of most drugs result from their interaction with macromolecular components of the organism. These interactions alter the function of the pertinent component and thereby initiate the biochemical and physiological changes that are characteristic of the response to the drug
What must drugs be bound to?
Drug molecules must be bound to particular constituents of cells and tissues in order to produce an effect. The term receptor was coined to denote the component of the organism with which the chemical agent interacts. A drug receptor or drug target is a component of a cell or organism that interacts with a drug and initiates the chain of events that leads to the drug’s observed effects. Most drugs receptors are proteins.
ther classes of proteins, such as enzymes, transport proteins, and structural proteins
are also drug receptors.
What are physiological receptors?
Many drug receptors are proteins that normally serve as receptors for endogenous regulatory ligands. These drug targets are termed physiological receptors.
What are agonists?
Drugs that bind to physiological receptors and mimic the regulatory effects of the endogenous signaling compounds are termed agonists
What is a primary agonist?
If the drug binds to the same binding site as the endogenous agonist, the drug is said to be a primary agonist.
What is an allosteric agonist?
If the drug binds to a different region on the receptor, referred to as an allosteric site, the drug is said to be an allosteric agonist.
How is a drug action initiated?
To initiate a cellular response, a drug must first bind to a drug receptor.
In most cases, drugs bind to their receptor by forming hydrogen, ionic, or hydrophobic bonds with the receptor. These weak bonds are reversible. In a few cases, drugs form covalent bonds with their receptor.
Drug receptors are responsible for the selectivity of drug action. The size, shape, and charge of a drug determine whether it will bind to a particular receptor or set of receptors.
For a drug to be useful as a therapeutic tool it must act selectively on particular types of receptors, ie, it must show a high degree of binding selectivity
What are the types of drug receptor groups?
What are the uses G-protein linked receptors?
What are enzyme linked receptors?
What are cytokine receptors?
Cytokine receptors respond to a heterogeneous group of peptide ligands, which include
growth hormone, prolactin, erythropoietin, and interferons
What are ion channels?
What are nuclear receptors?
How do enzymes affect drug interactions?
How are drugs affected by transporters?
What is the importance of structural proteins?
Describe the actions of drugs that aren’t mediated by binding to recept9rs
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What are dose-response curves?
What are graded dose-response curve?
How can we calculate drug receptor binding?
Why is. Drug receptor binding and effect similar in quantification?
What’s the effect of spare receptor and signal amplification?
What is potency?
Contrast agonist and antagonists
What are the mechanism of drug antagonism ?
What is receptor antagonism ?
What is competitive antagonism?
What is reversible competitive antagonism?
Is reversible competitive antagonism surmountable?
What is irreversible competitive antagonism?
What is noncompetitive antagonism?
What is physiological antagonism?
What is chemical antagonism?
Contrast full and partial agonists
What are inverse agonists?
What is drug selectivity?
Why and how do we measure drug selectivity?
What are the effects of desensitization and tolerance?
What gives rise to drug resistance and tolerance ?
Describe the quintal dose response curve
Quantal dose curve is characterized by…
What is the therapeutic index?
What is the therapeutic window?
