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Top Notchers ☝🏻 > Pharma > Flashcards

Pharma Flashcards

1
Q

For insomnia/ sedation

A

Barbital

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2
Q

Pede barbital sa pregnant?

A

No

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3
Q

Block Dopamine receptors in the CNS and SAN

A

ANTI-PSYCHOTICS/NEUROLEPTICS

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4
Q

Reduce adrenergic neurotransmitter level in cerebral tissues

A

ANTI-MANIC AGENTS/ MOOD STABILIZERS

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5
Q

Normal Lithium:

A

0.5-1.5 mEq/L

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6
Q

How to Take anti manic/ mood stabilizers medication

A

Take medication with meals

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7
Q

Action of agonist is blocked

A

Competitive antagonist

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8
Q

Action of agonist is reduced

A

NonCompetitive agonist

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9
Q

Receptors of adrenergic

A

Alpha 1,2 and Beta 1,2

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10
Q

An Enzyme that blocks acetylcholine

A

Cholinesterase

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11
Q

If there’s no cholinesterase, release of what?

A

Acetylcholine

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12
Q

Kulang sa NE, DOPA, 5HT that leads to depression, theory?

A

Biogenic amine theory

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13
Q

3 amines

A

Norepi
Dopa
5HT

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14
Q

Enzyme that destroys amines

A

Mono amine oxidase

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15
Q

2 types pede mangyari sa enzymes

A

Break down
Reuptake

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16
Q

Release of active ingredient

A

Liberation

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17
Q

Process where drugs goes to blood stream

A

Absorption

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18
Q

Process where drugs goes to Target tissues

A

Distribution

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19
Q

Enzyme sa liver aids in metabolism

A

Cytochrome p450

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20
Q

Drugs becomes less toxic/active when metabolized by liver

A

First Pass Effect

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21
Q

What route that bypasses the first pass effect

A

IV

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22
Q

Amount of drug

A

Dose

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23
Q

TIME, frequency
SCHEDULE

A
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24
Q

level of drug in the blood which produces a therapeutic effect

A

CRITICAL CONCENTRATION

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25
Q

Carbidopa to levodopa ratio

A

1:4

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26
Q

Y not give direct dopamine sa parkinsons and bat levodopa

A

Ldopa crosses blood brain barrier thru decarboxylase

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27
Q

DOPAMINERGICs of Parkinsons (DDMCN)

A

§ DOPAMINE PRECURSORS
§ DOPAMINE RECEPTOR AGONISTS
§ MAO-B INHIBITORS
§ CATECHOL-O-METHYL TRANSFERASE
( COMT ) INHIBITORS
§ NMDA-TYPE GLUTAMATE ANTAGONIST

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28
Q

Scopolamine cholinergic or adrenergic

A

Adrenergic

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29
Q

Doc for motion sickness and post op NV

A

SCOPOLAMINE

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30
Q

Origin of sympathetic

A

thoracolumbar

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31
Q

Origin of PARASYMPATHETIC

A

craniosacral

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32
Q

Termination of Impulse ng sympa

A

MAO COMT/catecholamines

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33
Q

Termination of ImpuLSE ng parasympa

A

Cholinesterase

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34
Q

doc for
Hypotension, dilate pupils upon eye exam

A

PHENYLEPHRINE

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35
Q

PHENYLEPHRINE SE

A

REFLEX BRADYCARDIA

HPN

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36
Q

Phenylephrine class

A

ALPHA 1

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37
Q

Drugs of Alpha 2

A

Clonidine
Methyldopa

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38
Q

the amount of drug administered to reach the critical concentration

A

RECOMMENDED DOSE

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39
Q

RIGHT DOSE + RIGHT TIME

A

RECOMMENDED DOSE

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40
Q

CURE

A

THERAPEUTIC EFFECT

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41
Q

favorable response after a treatment of any kind

A

THERAPEUTIC EFFECT

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42
Q

initial dose,immediate response

A

LOADING DOSE

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43
Q

time it takes for a drug to become half of its previously peaked leveL

A

HALF LIFE/ T1/2

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44
Q

Corresponds to frequency/timing

A

Half life

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45
Q

Higher than recommended dose

A

Loading dose

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46
Q

Chemicals acting as messengers

A

Neurotransmitters

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47
Q

neurotransmitter of SNS

Aka adrenergic Nervous system

Neurotransmitter of PNS

A

NE

Sympathetic nervous system

acetylcholine

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48
Q

What neurotransmitter sympa and parasympathetic in pre ganglion

What neurotransmitter of sympa and parasympathetic in post ganglion

A

Ach

Kung ano na neurotransmitter assigned sa kanila

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49
Q

What Disorder if dec Ach

What Disorder if inc Ach

What disorder if dec NE/E

What disorder if inc NE/E

A

Alzheimer

Bipolar

Depression

Schizo and Mania

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50
Q

What disorder if dec Dopamine

What disorder if inc Dopamine

What disorder if inc serotonin

Inhibitory transmitter used in seizure

A

Parkinsons

Schizo

Schizo

GABA

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51
Q

Aka CHOLINERGIC NERVOUS SYSTEM

A

PNS

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52
Q

Basta alpha 2 response inc or dec?

A

Dec

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53
Q

Clonidine SE

A

orthostatic Hypotension

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54
Q

Anti HPN drugs na pede sa pregnant and post partum

A

Methyldopa

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55
Q

Drug for chronic Hypotension

SE

A

Midodrine

HPN

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56
Q

non selective adrenergic agonist

A

Norepi

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57
Q

Drug for hypotension and cardiac arrest

A

Norepi

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58
Q

Beta 1 Adrenergic Agonist

A

Dobutamine

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59
Q

Drug for HF and cardiogenic shock
, a synthetic dopamine

A

Dobutamine

60
Q

Drugs ng Beta 2 adrenergic

A
  • -terol/tamol
  • Terbutaline
  • Isoxsuprine
61
Q

Drugs ng Beta 2 adrenergic

A
  • -terol/tamol
  • Terbutaline
  • Isoxsuprine
62
Q

ALBUTEROL SE

A

palpitations and tremors

63
Q

SABA duration and onset

64
Q

A tocolytic for premature labor

A

Terbutaline

65
Q

Tocolytic for premature labor, and for dysmenorrhea

A

ISOXSUPRINE

66
Q

2 LABA drugs

A

Formoterol and Salmeterol

67
Q

Laba, prophylaxis

A

SALMETEROL

68
Q

LABA duration and onsent

A

12h duration, <3 min

69
Q

Doc for HPN crisis dt PHEochromocytoma and MAO

A

PHENTOLAMINE

70
Q

Drug for extravasation of adrenergic drugs

A

Phentolamine

71
Q

ALPHA ADRENERGIC ANTAGONIST non selective

A

PHENTOLAMINE

72
Q

ALPHA 1 ADRENERGIC ANTAGONIST drugs

73
Q

Drug for HPN and BPH

A

Doxazosin and Terazosin

74
Q

Doc for Tachycardia in Hyperthyroidism

A

PROPRANOLOL

75
Q

Doc for stage fright

A

PROPRANOLOL

76
Q

Beta adrenergic blockers drugs

BETA 1-SELECTIVE ADRENERGIC BLOCKERS

A

-olol

BEAM (BISOPROLOL, BETAXOLOL, ESMOLOL, ACEBUTOLOL, ATENOLOL, METOPROLOL)

77
Q

Doc FOR MOST USED IN PREG FOR BP AND Inc PLAcental Blood Flow

78
Q

Long term drug for MG

Drug that suppress immune response in MG

A

NEOSTIGMINE

CORTICOSTEROIDS

79
Q

Doc for alzheimers (RDT)

A

Rivastigmine
Donezepil
Tacrine

80
Q

Drug for neurogenic atony of bladder

Bethanicol bawal sa anong disorder

Bethanicol cholinergic or adrenergic

A

Bethanicol

PUD, INTESTINAL OBSTRUCTION

Cholinergic

81
Q

AntispasmoDIC, antimuscarinic and for hyperactive bowel

Blocks acetylcholine (contract)

block the cholinergic receptors

A

DICYCLOMINE

Anti cholinergic

Anti cholinergic

82
Q

Carbidopa instruction

Taking levodopa instruction

A

Take on an empty stomach

No taking of CHON and Pyridoxine (Vit B6)- decreases effects ng ldopa

83
Q

Vit b6 is taken with what drug to prevent peripheral neuropathy

decreases the amount of levodopa needed to reach a therapeutic level in the brain; reducing adverse side effects

Role of carbidopa sa parkinsons

A

Isoniazid

Carbidopa

Blocks decarboxylase so no levodopa sa periphery then tagos sa blood brain barrier pero sya di maga pass thru sa blood brain barrier hanggang periphery lang sya not brain

84
Q

BBT—First Generation INTRANASAL GLUCOCORTICOIDS

FC——Second Generation INTRANASAL GLUCOCORTICOIDS

A

Beclomethasone
Budesonide
Triamcinolone

Fluticasone propionate
Ciclesonide

85
Q

Glucocorticoids blocks?

NSAIDS blocks?

Ingredient in crystal meth causing rebound congestion

A

Arachidonic acid and histamine

Prostaglandin

Pseudoephedrines

86
Q

Drugs for asthma na directly sa bronchial smooth muscle and Longer duration than beta 2 but less effective

instruction

SE

Narrow therapeutic window

A

Methylxanthines

W food/milk

palpitation and tremors

5-15 mcg/dl

87
Q

Drugs for asthma na SABA/emergency inhales

Drugs for asthma na anticholinergic, off label use of asthma kasi more on COPD

IPRATROPIUM SE

A

Terol and terbutaline

IPRATROPIUM

Dry mouth, irritation of pharynx

88
Q

Reduce adhesiveness and surface tension of URT fluid and removes mucous fluid

A

EXPECTORANTS

89
Q

2 DOPAMINE RECEPTOR AGONISTS

A

Bromocriptine, Pergolide

90
Q

block receptors for dopamine in the striatum and dec therapeutic effects of levodopa

hypertensive crisis

A

First Generation Antipsychotics

MAO inhibitors

91
Q

Methylxanthines 1st sx and how many mcg

Late sx?

Antidote?

A

Nausea >20 mgc/dl

Tremor >30

None, diuretic lang to excrete

92
Q

produced by the adrenal CORTex in body
• can be given as meds by;
• Inhaled, oral, IV
• Uses:
• prevent asthma attacks
• given on fixed schedule not prn
• suppress inflammation

A

GLUCOCORTICOIDS

93
Q

__ promotes smooth muscle constriction and inflammatory response
•added on when glucocorticoids aren’t enough
•Adverse effects:

A

Leukotrienes

LEUKOTRIENE INHIBITORS

•Neuropsychiatric effects and Mild GI distress

94
Q

__ promotes smooth muscle constriction and inflammatory response
•added on when glucocorticoids aren’t enough
•Adverse effects:

A

Leukotrienes

LEUKOTRIENE INHIBITORS

•Neuropsychiatric effects and Mild GI distress

95
Q

DRUGS FOR ANGINA PECTORIS

A

Nitrates
CCB
Beta blockers

96
Q

Anong nitrates lang short acting

A

NITROGLYCERINE

97
Q

NTG patches:
effects
applied into
Rotate sites to prevent?
24/7?
If nagkatolerance gagawin
Drug interaction

A

30-60 mins

hairless skin, if hairy trim lang

Skin irritation

Tolerance
10-12h/day in evening nitrate free

Hypotensive drugs, Sildenadil (phosphodiesterase type 5), beta blockers and CCB—tachycardia

98
Q

Relaxes vasospasm of coronary artery and doc for prinzmetal/variant angina

99
Q

Most potent CCB

A

Nifedipine

100
Q

Contra of CCB

A

Grapefruit(exacerbate/ toxicity)—bradycardia and hypotension

101
Q

CCB SE

A

Consti, hyporeflexia, wkness

102
Q

Doc for chronic angina

A

Ranolazine

103
Q

An opiod agonist for mod to severe pain na bawal sa may ICP and suspected head injury

104
Q

Antidote of morphine (resp depression)

A

Nalaxone (narcan)

105
Q

LOW-MOLECULAR WEIGHT HEPARIN

A

ENOXAPARIN

106
Q

ANTIPLATELETS (blood thinners)

THROMBOLYTICS

ANTICOAGULANTS

ANTIFIBRINOLYTIC (fibrin/clot)

A

ANTIPLATELETS (blood thinners)
- ASPIRIN
- CLOPIDOGREL
- TICLOPIDINE
- DIPYRIDAMOL

THROMBOLYTICS
-ase

ANTICOAGULANTS
- WARFARIN
- HEPARIN

ANTIFIBRINOLYTIC (fibrin/clot)
- AMINOCAPROIC ACID
- TRANEXAMIC ACID

107
Q

Therapeutic margin of warfarin
PT?

A

1.5-2 times normal
9-12 sec

108
Q

anong bloodvessels target ng antiplatelet? Anticoagulant?

THROMBOLYTIC aka

ACTIVATE THE CONVERSION OF PLASMINOGEN TO PLASMIN

A

Arteries
Veins and L atrium

Fibrinolytics

THROMBOLYTIC

109
Q

Therapeutic margin of heparin

THROMBOLYTIC golden hr

A

1.5-2.5 times normal

3h or mas sooner

110
Q
  1. Amount of blood ejected per MINUTE
  2. Amount of blood ejected per STROKE or BEAT

BP formula

  1. average pressure through out each cycle of the heartbeat
  2. Normal value
  3. Formula
A

CO
SV

BP= HRxSVxTPR or COxTPR

Mean Arterial Pressure
70-100 mmHg
SBP + 2(DBP)/ 3

111
Q

ACE SE and contra sa

ARBS SE

A
  • Angiodedema
  • Cough
  • Elevated K
    Lung probs

ARBS SE
Angioedema and Elevated K

112
Q

SE OF DIURETICS:

MC USE DIURETIC:

A

SE OF DIURETICS:
HYPERGLYCEMIA, HYPERURICEMIA, HYPOK

MC USE DIURETIC:
THIAZIDE

113
Q

Significance of MAP

A

Tissue perfusion

114
Q

INDIRECT ACTING VASODILATOR

CCBs na nasa heart ang action

A

INDIRECT ACTING VASODILATOR
CCB

CCBs na nasa heart ang action
Diltiazem and Verapamil
dipines sa bv

115
Q

5G’s bawal sa warfarin

A

5G’s bawal sa warfarin:
Green leafy bc contains vit k
Ginger
Ginko
Ginseng
Garlic

116
Q

Centrally acting Alpha 2?

A

Centrally acting Alpha 2?
Clonidine

117
Q

FIRST LINE DRUGS FOR HPN

2ND LINE?

3rd line?

A

FIRST LINE DRUGS FOR HPN:
ACE, ARBS, THIAZIDES

2ND LINE?
BB, CC

3rd line?
VASODILATORS

118
Q

First line tx of DM 2

A

OHA (Metformin)

119
Q

GI DRUGS:
* 3 antacids:
* Histamine 2 antagonists:
* PPI:
* Cytoprotectives:
* Prostaglandin:

A

GI DRUGS:
* 3 antacids: Al hydroxide, Mag Hydroxide, Magaldrate
* Histamine 2 antagonists: -tidine
* PPI: -prazole
* Cytoprotectives: sucralfate
* Prostaglandin: misoprostol

120
Q

1st line tx for DM:
2nd line tx for DM:

A

1st line tx for DM: insulin
2nd line tx for DM: inhaled salbutamol

121
Q

Oral anti diabetic meds
* Sulfunylureas 1st and 2nd gen:
* Meglitinides:
* Thiazolidinediones:

A

Oral anti diabetic meds
* Sulfunylureas 1st and 2nd gen: 1st gen (-mide), 2nd gen (gli-)
* Meglitinides: -glinide
* Thiazolidinediones: -glitazone

122
Q

Oral anti diabetic meds
* Biguanides:
* Alpha-glucosidase inhibitor:
* SGT2 Inhibitor:

A

Oral anti diabetic meds
* Biguanides: metformin
* Alpha-glucosidase inhibitor: Acarbose, Miglitol
* SGT2 Inhibitor: -gliflozin

123
Q

Which class is:
1. Seen in Pancreas

  1. Seen sa liver
  2. Seen in kidneys:
  3. More insulin production:
A

Which class is:
1. Seen in Pancreas
Sulfunylureas and Meglitinides (SM)
2. Seen sa liver
Thiazolidinediones and Biguanides (TB)
3. Seen in kidneys: SGLT-2
4. More insulin production: Sulfunylureas

124
Q

Which class is:
1. More insulin secretion:
2. Dec hepatic glucose production:
3. Increases insulin sensitivity:
4. Delay absorption of ingested CHON:

A

Which class is:
1. More insulin secretion: Meglitinides
2. Dec hepatic glucose production: Thiazolidinediones
3. Increases insulin sensitivity: Biguanides
4. Delay absorption of ingested CHON: Alpha-glucosidase inhibitor

125
Q

Serious SE ng biguanides:

SE of SGLT-2:

A

Serious SE ng biguanides: LACTIC ACID

SE of SGLT-2: WT LOSS, UTI

126
Q

Anong drugs pag combined w metformin maga lead to lactic acidosis

Lactic acidosis early sx

A

Anong drugs pag combined w metformin maga lead to lactic acidosis
1. Cimetidine
2. Alcohol
3. Iodine based contrast dye

Lactic acidosis early sx
1. Drowsiness
2. Hyper ventilation
3. Myalgia

127
Q

Lactic acidosis w metformin to do:

Need mag iodine contrast dye but ur taking metformin, intervention:

A

Lactic acidosis w metformin to do: hold, notify

Need mag iodine contrast dye but ur taking metformin, intervention: hold met 48h before and 48h after ng procedure. do not restart unless kidney fxn test is at baseline

128
Q

SE of the ff:
* Sulfunylureas:
* Meglitinides:
* Thiazolidinediones:
* Biguanides:
* Alpha-glucosidase inhibitor:
* SGT2 Inhibitor:

A

SE of the ff:
* Sulfunylureas: hypogly
* Meglitinides: hypogly
* Thiazolidinediones: water retention
* Biguanides: GI disturbances
* Alpha-glucosidase inhibitor: GI sx
* SGT2 Inhibitor: none

129
Q

Adv effects of Insulin

Med for hypolgy that Stimulates glycogenolysis sa liver:

A

Adv effects of Insulin
- Hypogly
- Headache
- Excessive hunger
- Tachycardia

Med for hypolgy that Stimulates glycogenolysis sa liver: glucagon

130
Q

Hypogly ano bibigay

  • Unconscious:
A

Hypogly ano bibigay
* 15:15 rule (15 g FAC check after 15 mins)
* Unconscious: glucagon

131
Q
  • Insulin san ilalagay:
  • Bawal inject na malamig pa bc:
  • Consumed/ di naubos gagawin:
A
  • Insulin san ilalagay: ref or room temp
  • Bawal inject na malamig pa bc: lipodystrophy
  • Consumed/ di naubos gagawin: store muna make sure mauubos within 30 days
132
Q

HYPERThyroidism meds
* Blocks production:
* inhibits iodination/ release:
* destroyes thyroid gland permanently:
* Beta blocker used:

A

HYPERThyroidism meds
* Blocks production: THIONAMIDES
* inhibits iodination/ release: IODIDE SALTS
* destroyes thyroid gland permanently: RADIOACTIVE IODINE
* Beta blocker used: PROPANOLOL

133
Q

THIONAMIDES
- FOR PREGNANT:
- SE IS AGRANULOCYTOSIS:

A

THIONAMIDES
- FOR PREGNANT: PTU
- SE IS AGRANULOCYTOSIS: METHIMAZOLE

134
Q

EX OF IODIDE SALTS NA NAGPAPA EUTHYROID:

A

EX OF IODIDE SALTS NA NAGPAPA EUTHYROID: LUGOL’s SOL.

135
Q

LUGOL’s SOL. Instruction:

A

STRAW BC METALLIC TASTE

136
Q

RADIOACTIVE IODINE
* Need ito to prevent hypothyroidism:
* definitive tx for hyperthyroidism:
* SE:

Med na nagpapa inc ng thyroid—> thyroid storm:

A

RADIOACTIVE IODINE
* Need ito to prevent hypothyroidism: thyroid replacement
* definitive tx for hyperthyroidism: yes (GRAVE’S DSE)
* SE: infertility

Med na nagpapa inc ng thyroid—> thyroid storm: ASPIRIN

137
Q

HYPOTHYROIDISM MEDS
* targets T4:
* Targets T3:
* Targets T4&T3:

A

HYPOTHYROIDISM MEDS
* targets T4: levothyroxine
* Targets T3: liothyronine
* Targets T4&T3: liotrix and thyroid hormone

138
Q

ANTIMICROBIAL CLASS NA NARROW SPECTRUM:

A

ANTIMICROBIAL CLASS NA NARROW SPECTRUM: AMINOGLYCOSIDE (GRAM-)

139
Q

ANTIMIROBIALS
* FOR GRAM + AND GRAM -:
* FOLIC ACID INHIBITORS:
* NUCLEIC ACID INHIBITORS:
* Cell wall inhibitors:

A

ANTIMIROBIALS
* FOR GRAM + AND GRAM -: GLAM (glycopeptides, Lincosamines, Aminoglycosidee, Macrolides).. AMINO lang ang for gram -
* FOLIC ACID INHIBITORS: SULFONAMIDES
* NUCLEIC ACID INHIBITORS: FLUOROQUINOLONES
* Cell wall inhibitors: Penicillins, Cephalosporins, Carbapenems, Glycopeptides (PCCG)

140
Q

ANTIMIROBIALS medicines or endings nila
* Penicillin:
* Cephalosporins:
* Carbapenems:
* Glycopeptides:
* Lincosamines:

A

ANTIMIROBIALS medicines or endings nila
* Penicillin: cillins
* Cephalosporins: cef/ceph
* Carbapenems: penems
* Glycopeptides: vancomycin
* Lincosamines: cLINdamycin

141
Q

ANTIMIROBIALS medicines or endings nila
* Aminoglycosides:
* Macrolides:
* Tetracyclines:
* Sulfonamides:
* Fluoroquinolones

A

ANTIMIROBIALS medicines or endings nila
* Aminoglycosides: mycin/cin
* Macrolides: thromycin
* Tetracyclines: cyclines
* Sulfonamides: sulfa
* Fluoroquinolones: oxacin

142
Q

ANTI MICROBIALS
1. No beta lactam ring:
2. Can cause pseudo membranous colitis/ RED Man syndrome if fast:
3. SE of chloramphenicol:
4. Adv effect of chloramphenicol:

A

ANTI MICROBIALS

  1. No beta lactam ring: vancomycin
  2. Can cause pseudo membranous colitis/ RED Man syndrome if fast: Vancomycin
  3. SE of chloramphenicol: Gray baby syndrome
  4. Adv effect of chloramphenicol: hypotension, cyanosis
143
Q

ANTI MICROBIALS
1. Used in eye infections and typhoid fever:
2. Allows to infect clostridium deficile, colon:
3. Anti tb:
4. streptomycin SE:
5. Gentamicin SE:

A

ANTI MICROBIALS
1. Used in eye infections and typhoid fever: chloramphenicol
2. Allows to infect clostridium deficile, colon: clindamycin
3. Anti tb: streptomycin
4. streptomycin SE: ototoxic
5. Gentamicin SE: nephrotoxic

144
Q

ANTI MICROBIALS
1. Causes no reabsorption of ammonia:
2. Teratogenic and bawal sa <8y.o bc teeth staining:
3. Doc and prophylaxis for leptospirosis:
4. Adv of Sulfonamides:
5. Fluoroquinolones adv effect:
6. Teratogenic aside sa tetracycline:
7. Rifampicin class:

A

ANTI MICROBIALS
1. Causes no reabsorption of ammonia: neomycin
2. Teratogenic and bawal sa <8y.o bc teeth staining: tetracyline
3. Doc and prophylaxis for leptospirosis: doxycycline
4. Adv of Sulfonamides: Steven Johnson’s
5. Fluoroquinolones adv effect: Photosensitivity
6. Teratogenic aside sa tetracycline: Fluoroquinolones
7. Rifampicin class: Fluoroquinolones

145
Q

How to get desired dose: based on wt

MACROSET drop factors
* BT:
* standard:

MICROSET drop factor:

Infant drop factor:

A

How to get desired dose: based on wt (kg)

MACROSET drop factors
* BT: 20 gtts/ml
* standard: 15 or 10 gtts/ml

MICROSET drop factor: 60 gtts/ml

Infant drop factor: 60 gtts/ml

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