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NAPLEX > Pharm Foundations: Basic Science Concepts > Flashcards

Pharm Foundations: Basic Science Concepts Flashcards

1
Q

Endogenous Muscarinic Substrate/Action

A

Acetylcholine

-Action: Increased SLUDD

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2
Q

SLUDD

A
  • Salivation
  • Lacrimation
  • Urination
  • Defecation/Diarrhea
  • Digestion
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3
Q

Muscarinic Drug Agonist/Action

A

Pilocarpine or Bethanechol

-Action: Increased SLUDD

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4
Q

Muscarinic Drug Antagonist/Action

A

Atropine or Oxybutynin

-Action: Decreased SLUDD

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5
Q

Endogenous Alpha-1 Substrate/Location/Action

A
  • Epinephrine or norepinephrine
  • Mainly peripheral
  • Action: Smooth muscle vasoconstriction, increased BP
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6
Q

Alpha-1 Drug Agonist/Action

A
  • Phenylephrine or dopamine (dose dependent)

- Action: Smooth muscle contraction, increased BP

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7
Q

Alpha-1 Drug Antagonist/Action

A
  • Alpha-1 blockers like doxazosin, carvedilol, phentolamine

- Action: Smooth muscle dilation, decreased BP

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8
Q

Endogenous Nicotinic Substrate/Action

A

Acetylcholine

-Action: Increased HR and BP

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9
Q

Nicotinic Drug Agonist/Action

A

Nicotine

-Action: Increased HR/BP

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10
Q

Nicotinic Drug Antagonist/Action

A

Neuromuscular blockers like rocuronium

-Action: Neuromuscular blockade

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11
Q

Alpha-2 Endogenous Substrate/Location/Action

A
  • Epinephrine and NE
  • Mainly brain and central NS
  • Action: decreased release of epi/NE, decreased BP/HR
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12
Q

Alpha-2 Drug Agonist/Action

A
  • Clonidine, brimonidine (ophthalmic for glaucoma)

- Action: decreased release of epi/NE, decreased BP/HR

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13
Q

Alpha-2 Drug Antagonist/Action

A

Ergot alkaloid or yohimbine

-Action: increased BP and HR

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14
Q

Beta-1 Endogenous Substrate/Location/Action

A
  • Epi and NE
  • Mainly heart
  • Action: increased myocardial contractility, CO, HR
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15
Q

Beta-1 Drug Agonist/Action

A
  • Dobutamine, isoproterenol, dopamine (dose-dependent)

- Action: Increased myocardial contractility, CO, and HR

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16
Q

Beta-1 Drug Antagonist/Action

A
  • Beta-blockers metoprolol (selective), propranolol, and carvedilol (non-selective)
  • Action: Decreased CO and HR
17
Q

Beta-2 Endogenous Substrate/Location/Action

A
  • Epi
  • Mainly lungs
  • Action: Bronchodilation
18
Q

Beta-2 Drug Agonist/Action

A

Albuterol, terbutaline, isoproterenol

-Action: Bronchodilation

19
Q

Beta-2 Drug Antagonist/Action

A

Nonselective b-blockers (propranolol and carvedilol)

-Action: bronchoconstriction

20
Q

Dopamine Receptor Endogenous Substrate/Action

A

Dopamine

-Action: Many, including renal/cardiac/CNS effects

21
Q

Dopamine Drug Agonist/Action

A

Levodopa or pramipexole

-Action: Many, including renal/cardiac/CNS effects

22
Q

Dopamine Drug Antagonist/Effects

A

First generation antipsychotics (haloperidol) and metoclopramide
-Action: Many, including renal/cardiac/CNS effects

23
Q

Serotonin Receptor Endogenous Substrate/Action

A
  • Serotonin

- Action: Many, including platelet/GI/psychiatric effects

24
Q

Serotonin Drug Agonist/Action

A

Triptans for migraines

-Action: Many, including platelet/GI/psychiatric effects

25
Q

Serotonin Drug Antagonist/Action

A

Ondansetron and second generation antipsychotics (quetiapine)
-Action: Many, including platelet/GI/psychiatric effects

26
Q

Acetylcholinesterase

A
  • Enzyme that breaks down ACh
  • Inhibitors: donepezil, rivastigmine, galantamine
  • Drug Action: by blocking this enzyme, ACh levels increase and can treat conditions like Alzheimers
27
Q

ACE

A
  • Converts angiotensin I to angiotensin II (potent vasoconstrictor)
  • Inhibitor: ACE-I (lisinopril, ramipril, etc.)
  • Action: By inhibiting angiotensin II production, there is less vasoconstriction/aldosterone secretion which can treat HTN, heart failure, and kidney disease
28
Q

COMT

A
  • Catechol-O-methyltransferase
  • Breaks down levodopa
  • Inhibitors: COMT-I (entacapone)
  • Action: increases duration of action of levodopa to treat conditions like Parkinson’s
29
Q

COX

A
  • Cyclooxygenase
  • Converts arachidonic acid to prostaglandins and thromboxane A2 (inflammation and platelet aggregation respectively)
  • Inhibitors: NSAIDs (aspirin, ibuprofen)
  • Action: Decrease end products to treat pain/inflammation and decrease platelet activation/aggregation
30
Q

MAO

A
  • Monoamine oxidase
  • Breaks down catecholamines (5HT, NE, Epi, DA)
  • Inhibitors: MAO-I (selegiline, rasagiline, methylene blue, linezolid)
  • Action: Increasing catecholamine levels to treat depression (tyramine: too high can lead to hypertensive crisis and 5HT syndrome)
31
Q

PDE

A
  • Phosphodiesterase
  • Breaks down cGMP, smooth muscle relaxant
  • Inhibitors: PDE-5i (sildenafil, tadalafil)
  • Action: competitively binds to prevent cGMP breakdown to increase smooth relaxation to treat erectile dysfunction
32
Q

Vitamin K epoxide reductase

A
  • Converts vitamin K to active form needed to clotting
  • Inhibitor: Warfarin
  • Action: Blocks vitamin K metabolism and decreases clotting factors II, VII, IX, and X to treat/prevent blood clots
33
Q

Xanthine Oxidase

A
  • Breaks down hypoxanthine and xanthine to uric acid
  • Inhibitor: Allopurinol
  • Action: Decreases uric acid production to prevent gout attacks

NAPLEX (59 decks)

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