Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

NAPLEX > Other Autoimmune Conditions/Tx > Flashcards

Other Autoimmune Conditions/Tx Flashcards

1
Q

Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Sxs

A
  • Fatigue
  • Depression
  • Anorexia/weight loss
  • Muscle pain
  • Malar rash (butterfly rash)
  • Photosensitivity - protect from sun
  • Joint pain/stiffness
  • Renal/hematologic/neurologic manifestations (morbidity/mortality causers)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Lupus Labs

A
  • Lupus nephritis is common (>50%)*
  • ANA +
  • Anti-ssDNA +
  • Anti-dsDNA +
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

DILE Drugs

A

My Pretty Malar Marking Probably Has A Terrific Quality

  • Methimazole
  • Propylthiouracil
  • Methyldopa
  • Minocycline
  • Procainamide**
  • Hydralazine (alone or BiDil)**
  • Anti-TNF agents
  • Terbinafine
  • Isoniazid**
  • Quinidine
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

SLE Tx Options

A
  • Hydroxychloroquine (ONLY one with FDA-approved indication)
  • Cyclophosphamide
  • Azathioprine
  • Mycophenolate mofetil
  • Cyclosporine
  • Belimumab (for lupus or lupus nephritis)
  • Voclosporin (for lupus nephritis only)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Benlysta

A
  • Belimumab
  • IgG1-lambda monoclonal antibody
  • For lupus or lupus nephritis
  • Warning: infection risk
  • DO NOT give with other biologic DMARDs or live vaccines
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Lupkynis

A
  • Voclosporin, related to cyclosporine
  • Calcineurin inhibitor
  • For lupus nephritis only
  • Box Warning: infections and malignancies
  • Warning: nephrotoxic, HTN
  • DO NOT give with live vaccines
  • SE: HTN, diarrhea, HA, renal impairment
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

MS Sxs

A
  • *Attacks on myelin sheath - what neuronal fxn is lost, can’t be regained**
  • Fatigue
  • Numbness
  • Blurred Vision
  • Decreased cog. fxn
  • Muscle spasm
  • Pain
  • Incontinence
  • Gait instability
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

MS Tx Options

A
  • Interferon beta formulations -peg Q14d
  • Glatiramer Acetate - preferred in preggo
  • DMARDs specifically for MS
  • Monoclonal antibodies
  • Chemotherapy drugs
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Copaxone

A
  • Glatiramer acetate**
  • Immune modulator to suppress cells in relapsing forms of MS
  • Dose SQ daily or 3d/week (larger dose)
  • Warning: Chest pain
  • SE: Injection site rxn, flushing, diaphoresis, dyspnea
  • Preferred agent for MS tx in preggo
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Avenox

A
  • Interferon beta-1a

- Dosed IM weekly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Rebif

A
  • Interferon beta-1a

- Dosed SQ 3x/week

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Betaseron

A
  • Interferon beta-1b

- Dosed QoD

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Plegridy

A
  • Peginterferon beta-1a

- Dosed SQ Q14d

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Interferon Information

A
  • Warning: Psych disorders, injection site necrosis, increased LFTs, thyroid dysfxn (hyper and hypo)
  • SE: Flu-like sxs (premedicate APAP or NSAID)
  • Refrigerate for storage, stand at room temp before administration
  • Don’t expel air bubble (loss of dose risk)
  • Some formulations contain albumin
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Aubagio

A
  • Teriflunomide
  • First oral DMARD for MS
  • Pyrimidine synthesis inhibitor
  • CI in preggo (similar to leflunomide)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Gilenya

A
  • Fingolimod
  • First oral DMARD for MS
  • Sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor modulator
  • Warning: Bradycardia, monitor for at least 6 hours after first dose (ECG) , infection risk (CBC monitor), macular edema (eye exams), hepatotoxicity (LFTs)
  • MS can become MUCH worse when treatment is stopped
17
Q

Zeposia

A
  • Ozanimod
  • Sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor modulator
  • Used for MS
  • CI with concomitant MAOI use
18
Q

Mayzent

A
  • Siponimod
  • Sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor modulator
  • Used for MS
  • CI CYP2C92/3 genotype (genetic test beforehand)
19
Q

Nrf2 Activators

A
  • DMARD used for MS

- Do not crush/chew/sprinkle capsules on food

20
Q

Tysabri

A
  • Natalizumab
  • Monoclonal antibody that binds to integrins on leukocytes
  • Used for MS
  • Boxed warning: progressive focal leukoencephalopathy (PML)
  • Only available via REMS
21
Q

Lemtrada

A
  • Alemtuzumab
  • Recombinant humanized monoclonal antibodies
  • Used for MS
  • REMS program required
22
Q

MS Sxs Control Options

A
  • Anticholinergics for incontinence
  • Laxatives for constipation
  • Muscle relaxants for muscle spasms
  • Analgesics for muscle spasms or pain
  • Botox for localized pain/spasms
  • Propranolol for tremor
  • Antidepressants for depression (SNRI could help with neuropathic pain too)
  • Stimulants for fatigue
  • Meclizine or scopolamine for dizziness/vertigo
  • Donepezil (Acetylcholinesterase-i) for cog. fxn
  • PDE5i for ED
23
Q

Raynaud’s Phenomenon

A
  • Triggered by cold/stress => vasospasms in extremities that causes fingers/toes to turn white, then blue
  • Prevention: vasodilation
  • Tx Options: CCB, usually nifedipine
  • Alt Tx Options: iloprost, topical nitroglycerin, and PDE5i
24
Q

Key Ingredients to Check for Celiac Disease

A
  • “Starch”
  • Corn
  • Potato
  • Tapioca
  • Wheat
25
Q

Myasthenia Gravis

A
  • Autoimmune disease that attacks connections between nerves/muscles especially in face/neck/eyes
  • Sxs: changes to eye/vision (drooping eyelids), problems chewing/swallowing, weak jaw
26
Q

Drugs that Worsen/Mask Myasthenia Gravis

A
  • Antibiotics: aminoglycosides, quinolones
  • Magnesium salts
  • Select antiarrhythmics
  • B-blockers and CCB
  • Select antipsychotics
  • Muscle relaxants
  • Local anesthetics
27
Q

Mestinon

A
  • Pyridostigmine
  • Cholinesterase inhibitor - blocks the breakdown of ACh
  • Used for myasthenia gravis
  • Warning: cholinergic SE (salivation, lacrimation, urination, diarrhea)
28
Q

Restasis

A
  • Cyclosporine eyedrop
  • Used for those who haven’t had dry eye relief (Sjogren’s syndrome) from other OTC options (artificial eyedrops)
  • SE: ocular burning
29
Q

Xiidra

A
  • Lifitegrast
  • Can be used for dry eye relief (Sjogren’s syndrome)
  • SE: unusual taste)
30
Q

Dry Mouth Treatment Options

A

Usually for Sjogren’s syndrome pts:

  • Sugar-free chewing gum/lozenges (with xylitol)
  • Daily rinses with antimicrobial mouthwash
  • Salivary substitutes (Aquoral, Biotene)
  • Muscarinic agonists: pilocarpine (Salagen) or cevimeline (Evoxac) (CI in those with uncontrolled asthma or narrow-angle glaucoma)
31
Q

Retinoids

A
  • Option for severe, systemic cases of psoriasis ONLY

- Ex: Acitretin (Soriatane)

32
Q

Otezia

A
  • PDE4i, used for systemic psoriasis
  • Warning: weight loss
  • SE: diarrhea
33
Q

Interleukin Receptor Antagonists

A
  • SQ injection option for systemic psoriasis
  • Monocloncal antibodies
  • Warning: serious infections and latent TB screen
  • SE: diarrhea
34
Q

Topical Options for Psoriasis

A
  • UV light
  • Steroids**
  • Vitamin D analog (calcipotriene)**
  • Anthralin
  • Retinoids** (tazoterene)
  • Salicylic acid**
  • Coal tar products (used for dandruff/dermatitis too, messy products)
  • Protopic/Elidel (calcineurin inhibitors) - use if other treatment options fail, preferred for applying to face

NAPLEX (59 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions