Common Skin Conditions Flashcards
Brown Skin Discolorations/Secretion
- Entacapone
- Levodopa
- Methyldopa
Brown/Yellow Skin Discoloration/Secretions
-Nitrofurantoin
Orange/Yellow Skin Discolorations/Secretions
-Sulfasalazine
Yellow/Green Skin Discolorations/Secretions
-Propfol
Red/Orange Skin Discolorations/Secretions
- Phenazopyridine
- Rifampin
Red Skin Discolorations/Secretions
-Anthracyclines
Blue Skin Discolorations/Secretions
- Methylene blue
- Mitoxantrone
Blue/Gray Skin Discolorations/Secretions
-Amiodarone
Mild Acne Treatment
- Topicals: BPO and/or retinoid
- Alt: Add other product from first line, switch to another retinoid, topical dapsone, or clascoterone
Moderate Acne Treatment
- Topical combination (BPO + abx, BPO + retinoid, or all three)
- PO abx + BPO + topical retinoid (+/- topical abx)
- Alt: Add OCP or spironolactone (females), PO isotretinoin, other combinations/options from above
Severe Acne Treatment
- Topical combination + PO abx
- Oral isotretinoin
- Alt: Add OCP or spironolactone (females), switch abx, other options from above
Retinoids
- Teratogenic: avoid in preggo/BF
- Vitamin A derivatives that reduce adherence of keratinocytes to oil glands
- Apply pea-sized amount daily at nighttime
- Take 4-12 weeks to work and can worsen skin initially
Tretinoin
- Atralin, Renova, Retin-A, Retin-A Micro
- Avoid in pregnant
- Micro formulation is slower released and causes less irritation
- Limit sun exposure
- Apply PM 20 minutes after washing face
- Use lower strength or QOPM if irritation occurs
Adapalene
- Differin
- Another retinoid, same rules apply for application/recommendations
Tazarotene
- CI in pregnancy
- Another retinoid, same rules apply for application/recommendations
BPO
- Benzoyl peroxide
- Can bleach clothing/hair
- Can be combined with other products like hydrocortisone (Vanoxide-HC), clindamycin (BenzaClin), erythromycin (Benzamycin), etc.
- Alone can be an OTC products, most combinations are Rx
Clearsil
- Salicylic acid
- OTC
- Many other products with salicylic acid too
Paula’s Choice/The Ordinary
- Azelaic Acid
- OTC
- Many other products with azelaic acid too
Azelex 15%/Finacea 20%
- Azelaic acid
- Rx
Dapsone
- Aczone
- Topical dicarboxylic acid cream/gel
- Avoid in G6PD deficiency
Winlevi
- Clascoterone cream
- Topical androgen receptor inhibitor
- Causes HPA axis suppression during/after treatment (larger SA/prolonged use = higher risk)
Absorica/Amnesteem
- Isotretinoin capsules
- FDA approved for severe, nodular acne ONLY
- Female patients must sign informed consent about birth defects, have 2 negative preggo tests before starting, and cannot get pregnant 1 month before, during, or 1 month after tx
- Cholesterol test is also required before initiation
Isotretinoin Capsule Information
- REMS program med: iPLEDGE
- Warning: dry skin, chapped lips, dry eyes/irritation can all occur
- Must use 2 forms of birth control and cannot use progestin-only pills
Minocycline
- Minocin or Solodyn
- Antibiotic used for acne; XR formulations only approved for patients >= 12 yo
- SE: photosensitivity, fetal harm, discoloration of teeth
Cold Sores
- HSV-1, herpes simplex labialis
- Spreads usually with active lesions via kissing/sharing drinks
- Prodromal symptoms: tingling, itching soreness
- Natural product: lysine for prevention and treatment
Docosanol
- Abreva
- OTC product for cold sore outbreak
- Apply 5x/day at first sign of outbreak
Zovirax
- Acyclovir cream or ointment
- Rx product for cold sore outbreak
- Apply 5x/day x 4 days to sores (can be used on genital sores too)
Nizoral A-D
- Ketoconazole 1% shampoo
- OTC product for dandruff
- Apply 2x/week for up to 8 weeks
- Don’t use on open sores
- Can irritate skin
Selsun
- Selenium Sulfide
- OTC product for dandruff
Head & Shoulders
- Pyrithione zinc
- OTC shampoo for dandruff
T/Gel
- Coal tar shampoos
- OTC shampoo for dandruff
Nizoral
- Ketoconazole 2% shampoo
- Rx option for dandruff
Causes of Hair Loss
- Hypothyroidism
- Autoimmune disorder
- Chemotherapy
- Medications: valproate, spironolactone, heparin (less frequent)
- Zinc and vitamin D deficiency
Propecia
- Finasteride; Rx tablet for hair loss
- Proscar used for BPH
- 1 mg QD
- Can take 3+ months to see effect
- Don’t give to patients taking Proscar for BPH
Propecia Information
- CI: pregnancy
- Hazardous medication for females of child-bearing age
Rogaine
- Minoxidil topical
- OTC: foam or solution
- Rx: tablets; indicated for HTN and used very rarely
Latisse
- Bimatoprost
- Rx solution for thinning eyelashes (hypotrichosis)
- Don’t use with PG analogs for glaucoma (may increase IOP)
- Apply nightly to skin at base of upper eyelashes
Topical Calcineurin Inhibitors
- Tacrolimus (Protopic) - ointment
- Pimecrolimus (Elidel) - cream
- Rx options for eczema if topical steroids fail
- Don’t use in kids <2 yo; associated with lymphoma and skin cancers (2nd line and short/intermittent tx only)
Topical PDE4-i
- Crisaborole (Eucrisa) - ointment
- Rx option for eczema if topical steroids fail
Monoclonal Antibody (IL-4 antagonist)
- Dupilumab (Dupixent) - injection
- Rx option for eczema if topical steroid fails
OTC Options for Eczema
- Aquaphor and Eucerin
- Moisturization is essential!
- Wash hands after using any topical products
