ID: Bugs/Drugs Flashcards
Natural Penicillins
- Penicillin VK
- Penicillin G Benzathine
- Covers G+ cocci (Strep/Entero only) and G+ anaerobes (mouth flora)
Antistaphylococcal Penicillins
- Dicloxacillin
- Nafcillin (injection!)
- Oxacillin
- Covers Strep and have advanced activity against MSSA
Aminopenicillins
- Amoxicillin
- Augmentin
- Ampicillin (injection)
- Unasyn (Amp+Sulbactam) - injection
- Cover G+ Strep/Entero and anaerobes PLUS G- bacteria Haemophilus, Neisseria, Proteus, and E. Coli
- WITH B-lactam cover MSSA and more resistant G- Strains (HNPEK) and G- anaerobes (B. fragilis)
Extended-Spectrum Penicillins
- Zosyn (Piperacillin+Tazobactam) - injection
- Broad spectrum activity; same as aminopenicillins/B-lactams PLUS expanded G- coverage (CAPES) and P. aeruginosa
1st Generation Cephalosporins
- Cefazolin (Ancef)
- Cephalexin (Keflex)
- Covers G+ cocci (Strept and Staph); preferred cephs for MSSA
- Some activity against G- rods (PEK) Proteus, E. Coli, and Klebsiella
2nd Generation Cephalosporins
- Cefuroxime (Ceftin)
- Cefotetan (Cefotan)
- Cefuroxime - Staph and more resistant strains of S. pneumoniae and HNPEK
- Cefotetan - Same as Cefuroxime + G- anaerobe coverage (B. fragilis)
3rd Gen Cephalosporin - Group 1
- Cefdinir (Omnicef)
- Ceftriaxone (Rocephin)
- Cefotaxime
- Covers resistant Strept, Staph (MSSA), G+ anaerobes (mouth flora), and resistant HNPEK
3rd Gen Cephalosporins - Group 2
- Ceftazidime (Fortaz)
- Lacks G+ activity but covers Pseudomonas
4th Generation Cephalosporins
- Cefepime
- Broad G- activity (HNPEK, CAPES, Pseudomonas) and G+ activity similar to Ceftriaxone
5th Generation Cephalosporin
- Ceftaroline (Teflaro)
- Covers MRSA! Broad G+ activity and G- activity similar to ceftriaxone
Cephalosporins + B-Lactams
- Ceftazidime+Avibactam and Ceftolozane+Tazobactam
- Similar activity to ceftazidime + MDR Pseudomonas and MDR G- rods (PEK)
Carbapenems
- Meropenem (Merrem)
- Ertapenem (Invanz) - specifically no coverage for Pseudomonas, Acinetobacter, or Enterococcus
- Reserved for MDR G- infections; active against most G+/G-/anaerobes
- NO COVERAGE: Atypicals, MRSA, VRE, C. Diff
Monobactam
- Aztreonam (Azactam)
- Use when B-lactam/penicillin allergy is present
- Covers many G- organisms including Pseudomonas
- NO G+/anaerobe activity
Aminoglycosides
- Gentamicin
- Tobramycin
- Amikacin
- Cover G- (including Pseudomonas) and usually used empirically for synergy with other antibiotics (used with Vanco or B-lactam for G+ infections)
Quinolones
- Ciprofloxacin (Cipro)
- Levofloxacin (Levaquin)
- Moxifloxacin (Avelox)
- Levo/Moxi/Gemi are resp quinolones used for S.pneumoniae and atypicals
- Cipro and Levo have enhanced G- activity (includes Pseudomonas)
- Moxi - Enhanced G+/anaerobe coverage (NO UTIs)
Macrolide
- Azithromycin (Zithromax/Z-Pak)
- Clarithromycin (Biaxin)
- Erythromycin (E.E.S., Ery-Tab, Erythrocin)
- Excellent atypical coverage as well as Haemophilus (limited, growing resistance along with S. pneumoniae, Neisseria, Moraxella)
- Used for CA-RTI and certain STIs (chlamydia/gonorrhea)
Tetracyclines
- Doxycycline (Vibramycin)
- Minocycline (Minocin, Solodyn - acne!)
- Cover many G+/G- bacteria including respiratory flora (Atypicals!) as well as some unique pathogens
- Doxy - broader indications including CAP, tick/rickettsial disease, STIs, and mild skin infections caused by CA-MRSA, and VRE UTIs
Sulfonamides
- Sulfamethoxazole/Trimethoprim (Bactrim)
- Activity against Staph (MRSA/CA-MRSA too!) and broad G- coverage (HPEK), Shigella, Salmonella, and opportunistic pathogens (Pneumocystis, Toxoplasmosis)
- NO Coverage: Pseudomonas, Enterococci, atypicals, or anaerobes
Vancomycin
-Covers ONLY G+ pathogens including MRSA, Strep, Enterococci (Not VRE) and C. Diff (PO only)
Lipoglycopeptides
- Telavancin
- Oritavancin
- Delbavancin
- Similar coverage to Vanco except no C. Diff coverage (IV only)
Daptomycin (Cubicin)
-Covers most G+ bacteria, including MRSA and Enterococci (both VRE)
Oxazolidinones
- Linezolid (Zyvox)
- Similar coverage to Vanco + VRE (both)
Synercid
- Quinupristin/Dalfopristin
- Cover most G+ pathogens including MRSA and E. Faecium (NOT faecalis)
Tigecycline (Tygacil)
- Broad-spectrum coverage against G+ (MRSA and VRE), G-, anaerobes, and atypicals
- NO ACTIVITY against 3 P’s: Pseudomonas, Proteus, Providencia
Polymixins
- Colistimethate (Coly-Mycin M)
- Polymixin B
- Used primarily for MDR G- pathogens in combination with other abx
- DOESN’T cover Proteus type of G-
Clindamycin
- Cleocin and Clindagel
- Covers most G+ (including some CA-MRSA) and anaerobes
- D-test for S. aureus (Positive means don’t use clinda)
Metronidazole
- Flagyl
- Activity against anaerobes and protozoals
- Used for bacterial vaginosis, trichomoniasis, and in combination regimens for intra-abdominal infections
