Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

NAPLEX > ID: Bugs/Drugs > Flashcards

ID: Bugs/Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

Natural Penicillins

A
  • Penicillin VK
  • Penicillin G Benzathine
  • Covers G+ cocci (Strep/Entero only) and G+ anaerobes (mouth flora)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Antistaphylococcal Penicillins

A
  • Dicloxacillin
  • Nafcillin (injection!)
  • Oxacillin
  • Covers Strep and have advanced activity against MSSA
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Aminopenicillins

A
  • Amoxicillin
  • Augmentin
  • Ampicillin (injection)
  • Unasyn (Amp+Sulbactam) - injection
  • Cover G+ Strep/Entero and anaerobes PLUS G- bacteria Haemophilus, Neisseria, Proteus, and E. Coli
  • WITH B-lactam cover MSSA and more resistant G- Strains (HNPEK) and G- anaerobes (B. fragilis)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Extended-Spectrum Penicillins

A
  • Zosyn (Piperacillin+Tazobactam) - injection

- Broad spectrum activity; same as aminopenicillins/B-lactams PLUS expanded G- coverage (CAPES) and P. aeruginosa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

1st Generation Cephalosporins

A
  • Cefazolin (Ancef)
  • Cephalexin (Keflex)
  • Covers G+ cocci (Strept and Staph); preferred cephs for MSSA
  • Some activity against G- rods (PEK) Proteus, E. Coli, and Klebsiella
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

2nd Generation Cephalosporins

A
  • Cefuroxime (Ceftin)
  • Cefotetan (Cefotan)
  • Cefuroxime - Staph and more resistant strains of S. pneumoniae and HNPEK
  • Cefotetan - Same as Cefuroxime + G- anaerobe coverage (B. fragilis)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

3rd Gen Cephalosporin - Group 1

A
  • Cefdinir (Omnicef)
  • Ceftriaxone (Rocephin)
  • Cefotaxime
  • Covers resistant Strept, Staph (MSSA), G+ anaerobes (mouth flora), and resistant HNPEK
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

3rd Gen Cephalosporins - Group 2

A
  • Ceftazidime (Fortaz)

- Lacks G+ activity but covers Pseudomonas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

4th Generation Cephalosporins

A
  • Cefepime

- Broad G- activity (HNPEK, CAPES, Pseudomonas) and G+ activity similar to Ceftriaxone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

5th Generation Cephalosporin

A
  • Ceftaroline (Teflaro)

- Covers MRSA! Broad G+ activity and G- activity similar to ceftriaxone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Cephalosporins + B-Lactams

A
  • Ceftazidime+Avibactam and Ceftolozane+Tazobactam

- Similar activity to ceftazidime + MDR Pseudomonas and MDR G- rods (PEK)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Carbapenems

A
  • Meropenem (Merrem)
  • Ertapenem (Invanz) - specifically no coverage for Pseudomonas, Acinetobacter, or Enterococcus
  • Reserved for MDR G- infections; active against most G+/G-/anaerobes
  • NO COVERAGE: Atypicals, MRSA, VRE, C. Diff
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Monobactam

A
  • Aztreonam (Azactam)
  • Use when B-lactam/penicillin allergy is present
  • Covers many G- organisms including Pseudomonas
  • NO G+/anaerobe activity
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Aminoglycosides

A
  • Gentamicin
  • Tobramycin
  • Amikacin
  • Cover G- (including Pseudomonas) and usually used empirically for synergy with other antibiotics (used with Vanco or B-lactam for G+ infections)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Quinolones

A
  • Ciprofloxacin (Cipro)
  • Levofloxacin (Levaquin)
  • Moxifloxacin (Avelox)
  • Levo/Moxi/Gemi are resp quinolones used for S.pneumoniae and atypicals
  • Cipro and Levo have enhanced G- activity (includes Pseudomonas)
  • Moxi - Enhanced G+/anaerobe coverage (NO UTIs)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Macrolide

A
  • Azithromycin (Zithromax/Z-Pak)
  • Clarithromycin (Biaxin)
  • Erythromycin (E.E.S., Ery-Tab, Erythrocin)
  • Excellent atypical coverage as well as Haemophilus (limited, growing resistance along with S. pneumoniae, Neisseria, Moraxella)
  • Used for CA-RTI and certain STIs (chlamydia/gonorrhea)
17
Q

Tetracyclines

A
  • Doxycycline (Vibramycin)
  • Minocycline (Minocin, Solodyn - acne!)
  • Cover many G+/G- bacteria including respiratory flora (Atypicals!) as well as some unique pathogens
  • Doxy - broader indications including CAP, tick/rickettsial disease, STIs, and mild skin infections caused by CA-MRSA, and VRE UTIs
18
Q

Sulfonamides

A
  • Sulfamethoxazole/Trimethoprim (Bactrim)
  • Activity against Staph (MRSA/CA-MRSA too!) and broad G- coverage (HPEK), Shigella, Salmonella, and opportunistic pathogens (Pneumocystis, Toxoplasmosis)
  • NO Coverage: Pseudomonas, Enterococci, atypicals, or anaerobes
19
Q

Vancomycin

A

-Covers ONLY G+ pathogens including MRSA, Strep, Enterococci (Not VRE) and C. Diff (PO only)

20
Q

Lipoglycopeptides

A
  • Telavancin
  • Oritavancin
  • Delbavancin
  • Similar coverage to Vanco except no C. Diff coverage (IV only)
21
Q

Daptomycin (Cubicin)

A

-Covers most G+ bacteria, including MRSA and Enterococci (both VRE)

22
Q

Oxazolidinones

A
  • Linezolid (Zyvox)

- Similar coverage to Vanco + VRE (both)

23
Q

Synercid

A
  • Quinupristin/Dalfopristin

- Cover most G+ pathogens including MRSA and E. Faecium (NOT faecalis)

24
Q

Tigecycline (Tygacil)

A
  • Broad-spectrum coverage against G+ (MRSA and VRE), G-, anaerobes, and atypicals
  • NO ACTIVITY against 3 P’s: Pseudomonas, Proteus, Providencia
25
Q

Polymixins

A
  • Colistimethate (Coly-Mycin M)
  • Polymixin B
  • Used primarily for MDR G- pathogens in combination with other abx
  • DOESN’T cover Proteus type of G-
26
Q

Clindamycin

A
  • Cleocin and Clindagel
  • Covers most G+ (including some CA-MRSA) and anaerobes
  • D-test for S. aureus (Positive means don’t use clinda)
27
Q

Metronidazole

A
  • Flagyl
  • Activity against anaerobes and protozoals
  • Used for bacterial vaginosis, trichomoniasis, and in combination regimens for intra-abdominal infections

NAPLEX (59 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions