Pediatric Conditions Flashcards
1
Q
Age Classifications
A
- Neonate: 0-28 days
- Infant: 1 month - 12 months
- Toddler: 1-2 years
- Child: 2-12 years
- Adolescent: 13-18 years
2
Q
Critical Fever Temperatures by Age
A
- <3 months => temperature 100.4 F or 38 C (rectal)
- 3-6 months => 101 F or 38.3 C (rectal)
- > 6 mo => 103 F or 39.4 C (rectal)
3
Q
Apgar Scoring
A
- Assesses newborn condition
- Lower scores require more medical attention: healthy is 7-10
- Often immature lungs or heart are causing the low scores
4
Q
PDA
A
- Patent ductus arteriosus
- Opening between aorta and pulmonary artery doesn’t close naturally postpartum
- NSAIDS, like IV indomethacin, can help PDA close
5
Q
PPHN
A
- Persistent pulmonary HTN of newborn
- May be linked to SSRI in utero exposure
6
Q
RDS
A
- Respiratory distress syndrome
- Deficiency of surfactant since lungs aren’t fully developed
- Most babies born <35 weeks will receive surfactant
- Names of these drugs tend to have “surf” or “actant” in the name (EX: Curosurf or Infasurf)
7
Q
Pain/Fever in < 12 Mo
A
- No ASA or salicylate due to Reye’s syndrome risk (occurs when recovering from viral infection); not recommended for any <16 yo
- APAP infant drops and suspension have same, standardized concentration (160 mg/5 mL)
- Avoid ibuprofen when <6 mo due to nephrotoxicity
- Ibuprofen also has overdose risk due to different products having different dosage strengths
8
Q
Nasal Decongestion in <12 Mo
A
- Cool-mist humidifier near bed can help reduce congestion
- Gentle suction with saline drops or spray can also help loosen mucus
- No OTC cough/cold medications in kids < 2 yo per FDA (<4 on most package labeling)
9
Q
Constipation in <12 Mo
A
- Miralax (PEG 3350) is recommended for intermittent constipation
- Prunes or pears can also be helpful
- OTC glycerin suppositories can also provide quick relief
10
Q
Children’s Tylenol
A
- APAP
- Dosed at 10-15 mg/kg/dose Q4-6h (max of 75 mg/kg/d)
- Same concentrations: 160 mg/5 mL
11
Q
Infants’ Advil Drops and Others
A
- Ibuprofen
- Dosed at 5-10 mg/kg/dose Q6-8h (max of 40 mg/kg/d)
- Different concentrations for drops vs suspensions
12
Q
Bacterial Meningitis
A
- Treatment based on age range due to likely pathogens
- Classic sxs tend to be absent, look for nuchal rigidity (inability to bend neck)
- Definitive diagnosis made with lumbar puncture
13
Q
Ceftriaxone in Neonates
A
- AVOID!
- Displaces bilirubin and can induce brain damage (kernicterus)
- Ceftriaxone and calcium-containing solutions can also precipitate and cause embolism/death
14
Q
Bacterial Meningitis Tx in <1 Mo
A
- GBS is most common
- Empiric treatment is usually ampicillin PLUS cefotaxime OR gentamicin (aminoglycoside)
15
Q
RSV
A
- Respiratory Synctial Virus
- Has infected nearly all kids by the age of 2
- Can be deadly in premature babies and neonates
- Sxs: bronchiolitis (swelling and mucus build up in bronchioles)
- Main treatment is supportive
- IF patient has severe infection with underlying compromising condition, can potentially use inhaled ribavirin (Virazole)
