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NAPLEX > Compounding: Ingredients/Uses > Flashcards

Compounding: Ingredients/Uses Flashcards

1
Q

Binders

A
  • Allows tablet contents to stick together, providing strength and stability
  • EX: Acacia, starch paste, sucrose syrup
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2
Q

Diluent

A
  • AKA fillers, bulking up a small amount
  • EX: Lactose, starches, calcium salts, cellulose power in capsules/tablets
  • Petrolatum in topicals
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3
Q

Disintegrants

A
  • Facilitates breakup of the tablet was administered to be dissolves and absorbed
  • EX: Alginic acid, cellulose, starches, polacrillin potassium
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4
Q

Non-caloric Sweeteners

A
  • Aspartame

- Sucralose

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5
Q

Caloric Sweeteners

A
  • Glycerin
  • Dextrose
  • Mannitol/sorbitol/xylitol (sugar alcohols)
  • Stevia
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6
Q

Lubricants

A
  • AKA glidants or non-adherents
  • Prevents ingredients from sticking to each other and equipment
  • Improves powder flowability
  • EX: Magnesium stearate (stearate in general)
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7
Q

Preservatives

A
  • Slow/prevent microorganism growth
  • Do NOT use in neonates
  • EX: Chlorhexidine (also antiseptic to surgical scrubs), povidone iodine (also topical antiseptic), sodium benzoate (benzoic generally), sorbic acid/potassium sorbate, methyl/ethyl/propyl parabens, EDTA, thimerosal, cetylpyridinium chloride
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8
Q

Buffers

A
  • Keep pH stable in a certain range
  • Which ones used depends on the goal pH range
  • Acids for acidic pH, hydroxides or -ate for basic, lots of phosphate examples for neutral pH
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9
Q

Hydrophilic Solvents

A
  • Water (sterile and otherwise)
  • Alcohols
  • Glycols
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10
Q

Water

A
  • Potable - used to wash hands and equipment
  • Distilled - used to reconstitute and prepare non-sterile compounding products
  • SWFI - free of bacterial endotoxins (pyrogens) and used to sterile compounding
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11
Q

Alcohols

A
  • High miscibility with water and can dissolve solutes that would be insoluble in water alone
  • Benzyl alcohol: also used as a preservative and for its fragrence
  • 70% IPA: preferred disinfectant in sterile compounding
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12
Q

Glycols

A
  • Low freezing points and high boiling points
  • PEG is used as a surfactant, solvent, plasticizer, lubricant, and a base (water soluble and miscible)
  • PEG also has an increased half life when bound to a protein drug
  • Polybase - PEG mixture used as a suppository base, good emulsifier
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13
Q

Hydrophobic Solvents

A
  • Oils/Fats - used as delivery vehicles, lipophilic/hydrophobic compounds
  • EX: Mineral oil (ingredient in BabyOil)
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14
Q

Ointments

A
  • 0-20% water, some are mixed with humectants to draw water into skin
  • Ex bases: petrolatum, Polybase, Aquaphor, Aquabase
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15
Q

Oleaginous Ointments

A

-No water, only oil containing
AKA Hydrocarbon base
-Ex: Petrolatum (Vaseline, petroleum jelly)

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16
Q

Creams

A
  • More water than oil (at least 20% water, no more than 50% oil)
  • Often w/o or o/w emulsions
  • Ex Bases: lipoderm, eucerin, cetaphil
17
Q

Gels

A
  • Semisolid preparations with small inorganic or large organic particles penetrated in liquid
  • Aqueous solutions of poloxamers are liquid when refrigerated and gel at room temperature (reversible)
  • EX: PLO gel (poloxamer, contains hydrophobic chain and two hydrophilic chains)
18
Q

Suppository Bases

A
  • Must stay intact for insertion and melt once administered

- EX: Polybase, cocoa butter, hydrogenated vegetable oils (palm, coconut), gelatin

19
Q

Adsorbents

A
  • Keep powders dry and prevent hydrolysis

- EX: Magnesium oxide/carbonate, kaolin

20
Q

Anti-foaming Agents

A
  • Breaks up/inhibits foams

- EX: Simethicone

21
Q

Coatings (regular)

A
  • Prevent degradation

- Ex: Shellac, gelatin, gluten (food grade)

22
Q

Emulsifiers

A
  • Reduce surface tension between two liquids, type of surfactant
  • EX: Acacia, PEG
23
Q

Enteric-Coating

A
  • Placed on drugs that would be destroyed by stomach’s acidic environment
  • EX: Cellulose acetate phthalate
24
Q

Gelling/Thickeners

A
  • Increase viscosity/stability of mixture
  • Ex: cellulose, gelatin, and bentonite are commonly used; others include agar, alginates, various gums, carbomer, starches, poloxamer gels
25
Q

Humectant

A
  • Prevents preparations from becoming dry and brittle

- Ex: Glycerin, glycerol, propylene glycol, PEG

26
Q

Levigating Agent

A
  • Used to reduce particle size and surface tension

- Ex: mineral oil, glycerin

27
Q

Avoid alcohol in….

A

Children

28
Q

Avoid aspartame in…

A

those with PKU (contains phenylalanine)

29
Q

Avoid gelatin in…

A

Vegans/vegetarians/those avoiding pork (derived from pork)

30
Q

Avoid gluten in….

A

Celiac disease/those avoiding gluten

31
Q

Avoid lactose in…

A

Lactose intolerant/allergy

32
Q

Avoid preservatives in…

A

Neonates

33
Q

Avoid sorbitol in…

A

IBS

34
Q

Avoid sucrose in…

A

Diabetics

35
Q

Avoid xylitol in….

A

Dogs (xylitol toxicosis), can cause GI distress in some humans as well

NAPLEX (59 decks)

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