Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

NAPLEX > Allergic Rhinitis/Cold > Flashcards

Allergic Rhinitis/Cold Flashcards

1
Q

Intranasal Steroids

A
  • 1st line; used for chronic, moderate-severe sxs
  • Budesonide (Rhinocort)
  • Fluticasone (Flonase)
  • Triamcinolone (Nasacort)
  • SE: Epitaxis (nose bleeds)
  • Can take up to one week to get full relief
  • Budesonide and beclomethasone = preferred for pregnancy
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Benadryl

A
  • Diphenhydramine
  • First-generation oral antihistamine
  • Adult: 25 mg PO Q4-6H or 50 mg PO Q6-8H
  • DON’T use OTC in kids <6yo
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Other First-Generation Antihistamines

A
  • Chlorpheniramine (Aller-Chor)

- Doxylamine (Unisom)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

First-Gen Antihistamines Information

A
  • Warning: Avoid in elderly (antichol. SE), can cause prostate enlargement and glaucoma
  • SE: Somnolence, cog. impairment, anticholinergic effect
  • Avoid in kids <2 yo
  • ALL antihistamines are for mild-moderate sxs
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Zyrtec

A
  • Cetirizine
  • pseudoephedrine option (-D)
  • 2nd Gen Antihistamine
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Xyzal

A

Levocetirizine

  • 2nd Gen Antihistamine
  • Okay to use in 6 mo+
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Allegra

A
  • Fexofenadine
  • pseudoephedrine option (-D)
  • 2nd Gen Antihistamine
  • Separate from fruit juice and antacids (decreased absorption)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Claritin

A
  • Loratidine
  • pseudoephedrine option (-D)
  • 2nd Gen Antihistamine
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

2nd Gen Antihistamine Information

A
  • AVOID fruit juice with fexofenadine (decreased absorption)
  • Loratadine and cetirizine preferred in preggo
  • Cetirizine and Levocetirizine have the fastest onsets (work best for some people); therefore are also more sedating than the other two
  • Generally preferred over 1st gen due to less somnolence
  • Most okay in 2 yo+ unless otherwise mentioned
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Intranasal Antihistamines

A
  • Azelastine (Astelin)
  • Olopatadine (Patanase)
  • Helps with nasal congestion, can combine with INS
  • Not recommended as often
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Systemic Decongestants

A
  • Phenylephrine (Sudafed PE) - OTC, poor oral absorption

- Pseudoephedrine (Sudafed, Nexafed) - Rx and OTC (BEHIND COUNTER), abuse potential!

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Topical Decongestants

A
  • AKA Intranasal

- Oxymetazoline (Afrin)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Systemic Decongestant Information

A
  • CI: use within 14 days of MAOI
  • Avoid in children <2yo (FDA) or <4 yo (packaging)
  • Caution in patients with CV disease/BPH (increases BP and can cause urinary retention)
  • SE: tachycardia, palpitations, increased BP, insomnia, decreased appetite
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Topical Decongestant Information

A
  • Caution in use with BPH patients

- SE: Rhinitis medicamentosa (rebound congestion when used >3 days)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

NasalCrom

A
  • Cromolyn
  • OTC mast cell stabilizer
  • Used regularly, not PRN
  • Start at onset of allergy season and throughout
  • Safe in children =<2 yo and pregnancy
  • Dosed QD multiple times a day
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Singulair

A
  • Montelukast
  • Leukotriene modifying agent
  • Used for allergic rhinitis and asthma
  • Box Warning: Serious neuropsychiatric SE
17
Q

Immunotherapies

A
  • Preventative treatment for allergies, either SQ or SL
  • Work by slowly increasing exposure to allergen
  • SQ shots must be given in medical office, SL must be given in medical office FIRST time then continue at home
  • Must have an EpiPen at home if using immunotherapy SL option
18
Q

Oralair

A
  • 1 of 4 approved FDA SL treatments for allergic rhinitis

- Five different grass pollen extracts

19
Q

Grastek

A
  • 1 of 4 approved FDA SL treatments for allergic rhinitis

- Timothy grass pollen extract

20
Q

Ragwitek

A
  • 1 of 4 approved FDA SL treatments for allergic rhinitis

- Ragweed pollen extract

21
Q

Odactra

A
  • 1 of 4 approved FDA SL treatments for allergic rhinitis

- House dust mite allergen extract

22
Q

Natural Medicines for Cold

A
  • Zinc: may decrease duration of cold or be used as a preventative “possibly effective” (start immediately w/ sxs)
  • Vitamin C (Ascorbic Acid): decrease duration of cold, “possibly effective”
  • Echinacea: “possibly effective”
  • Airborne and Emergen-C are popularand contain the above products plus additional vitamins/supplements like vit. E
23
Q

Expectorants

A
  • Guaifenesin (Mucinex, Robitussin Mucus + Chest, Robafen)
  • Plus Dextromethorphan = DM
  • Thins mucus and used when productive coughs are present
24
Q

Cough Suppressant Options

A
  • Dextromethorphan (Delsym, Robafen Cough, Robitussin Cough)
  • Codeine - CII as single entity for pain, CV in combination products for cough/cold
  • Benzonatate (Tessalon Perles)
  • Diphenhydramine (Benadryl)
25
Q

Dextromethorphan MOA

A
  • Serotonin reuptake inhibitor that acts as a NMDA-receptor blocker at high doses => euphoria and hallucinations (robo-tripping)
  • Banned to sale to minor <18 yo
  • For dry, unproductive cough
26
Q

Dextromethorphan Information

A
  • CI: Use within 14 days of a MAOI
  • Warning: 5HT syndrome
  • DM = dextromethorphan contained in product
27
Q

Codeine Information

A
  • Box Warning: respiratory depression and death in kids receiving tonsillectomy and/or adenoidectomy (ultra-rapid metabolizers); also death in nursing infants
  • CI: Use in kids <12 yo, or children < 18 yo receiving tonsillectomy and/or adenoidectomy
  • FDA recommends avoiding these cough/cold products in patients < 18 yo
  • CII monotherapy, CV when combined
28
Q

Bromfed DM

A
  • Brompheniramine/pseudoephedrine/DM

- Rx and OTC

29
Q

TussiCaps or Tussionex

A
  • Chlorpheniramine + Hydrocodone

- CII

30
Q

Avoid in <18 yo…

A
  • Codeine containing cough/cold products (FDA)

- Hydrocodone containing cough/cold products (FDA)

31
Q

Avoid in <4 yo…

A

-OTC cough/cold products (per package labeling)

32
Q

Avoid in <2 yo…

A
  • OTC cough/cold products (FDA)
  • Promethazine (FDA)
  • Topical menthol/camphor (package labeling)
  • Decongestants (FDA)
33
Q

APAP/Ibu Child Dosing

A
  • APAP: 10-15 mg/kg Q4-6H; 160 mg/5 mL
  • Ibu: 5-10 mg/kg Q6-8H; don’t exceed 40 mg/kg/d; dosing varies based on product used
  • NEVER ASA: Reyes syndrome risk

NAPLEX (59 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions