❤️pharm-Diuretics Flashcards
Furosemide
Bumetanide
Torsemide
Loop diuretics
Amiloride
Triamterine
Spironolactone**
Potassium-sparing diuretics
Hydrochlorothiazide
Indapamide
Chlorthalidone
Metolazone
Thiazide and thiazide-like diuretics
Thiazide & thiazides like
Work in the DCT
Used typically for BP reduction
Increase body retention of calcium
Vasodilator
All diuretics
Prevent salt reabsorption in the nephron
Increase urine output= lower fluid volume = lower BP
-short term: initial ⬇️ in plasma
-long term: ⬇️ in systemic vascular resistance
❤️ failure: removal of excess fluid volume
Thiazide side effects
* ⬆️ calcium levels (hypercalcemia) Hypovolemia Hyperglycemia ⬆️ cholesterol ⬇️ potassium, mg Electrolyte imbalances Dizziness Dehydration Hypotension
Thiazide risk/ inx
Avoid with patients with renal failure
* sensitive to renal function
- digoxin
- lithium
- Ace inhibitors
- K supplements
- NSAIDs
Thiazide MOA
Prevent salt and h20 reab in the nephron
Increase urine output= lower fluid volume= lower BP
Vasodilator
Used for BP reduction
Loops
Work in the LOH & blood vessels around LOH
Rid body of calcium
* increase volume output despite kidney fxn, better at lower fluid volume
* linear drug/dose response curve
Loops
AEs
- hypocalcemia
Hyperglycemia, hypovolemia, Electrolyte imbalance, dizziness, dehydration, hypotension
Loops
Inx/risk
Digoxin Lithium K+ supplement Ace inhibitors * NSAIDs
Potassium sparing
Work in the DCT
- ⬆️ serum potassium levels
- low potency, used to correct side effects of other diuretics
Potassium sparing
AEs
- hyperkalemia
Hyperglycemia, dizziness, dehydration, hypotension
Potassium sparing
Inx/risk
Digoxin Lithium Ace inhibitors *NSAIDs * K supplements
What diuretic has a linear dose/response curve?
Loops
What diuretic can work to lower fluid volume despite kidney function?
Loops
What diuretic is a vasodilator?
Thiazide/ thiazide like
What diuretic is Lowe potency and used to correct side effects of other diuretics?
Potassium sparing
What diuretic can cause hypercalcemia?
Thiazide
What diuretic can cause hypocalcemia?
Loops
What diuretic can cause hyperkalemia?
Potassium sparing