pharm chapter 10

Question 1

what amino acid are catecholamines synthesized from

Answer 1

tyrosine

Question 2

where is epinephrine predominantly synthesized

Answer 2

in chromatin cells of the adrenal medulla

Question 3

what is the first step in catecholamine synthesis

Answer 3

oxidation of tyrosine to DOPA

Question 4

what is the rate limiting step in catecholamine synthesis

Answer 4

tyrosine hydroxylase

Question 5

where does the conversion of tyrosine to dopamine occur

Answer 5

within the cytoplasm

Question 6

what transports dopamine into synaptic vesicles

Answer 6

VMAT

Question 7

what converts dopamine to norepinephrine once inside the vesicles

Answer 7

dopamine beta hydroxylase

Question 8

where is VMAT1 primarily expressed

Answer 8

peripherally (adrenal, sympathetic ganglia)

Question 9

where is VMAT2 primarily expressed

Answer 9

in the CNS

Question 10

where is VAChT expressed

Answer 10

in cholinergic neurons

Question 11

what converts norepinephrine to epinephrine once it returns to the cytosol

Answer 11

PNMT

Question 12

what does alpha-methyltyrosine inhibit

Answer 12

tyrosine hydroxyls

Question 13

what transporter does cocaine inhibit

Answer 13

the norepinephrine transporter

Question 14

what does reserpine inhibit

Answer 14

the vesicular monoamine transporter

Question 15

what transporter mediates the reuptake of catecholamine into the neuronal cytoplasm

Answer 15

NET

Question 16

what does MAO-A preferentially degrade

Answer 16

serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopamine

Question 17

what does MAO-B most readily degrade

Answer 17

dopamine

Question 18

what do MAO inhibitors have efficacy in the treatment of

Answer 18

depression

Question 19

what do the pathways of alpha 1 receptors activate

Answer 19

phospholipase C

Question 20

what antagonists are found to be effective in treatment of BPH

Answer 20

alpha1 receptor antagonists

Question 21

what do alpha2-adrenoreceptors activate

Answer 21

Gi

Question 22

where are beta1 adrenoceptors localized primarily

Answer 22

in the heart and kidney

Question 23

where are beta2 adrenoceptors mostly expressed

Answer 23

smooth muscle, liver, and skeletal muscle

Question 24

where are beta3 adrenoceptors expressed specifically

Answer 24

adipose tissue

Question 25

what does stimulation of beta3 receptors lead to

Answer 25

an increase in lipolysis

Question 26

what effects does epinephrine primarily have at low concentrations

Answer 26

beta1 and beta2 effects

Question 27

what effect does norepinephrine have on alpha1 and beta1 receptors

Answer 27

agonist

Question 28

what do D1 dopaminergic receptors activate

Answer 28

adenylyl cyclase in vascular smooth muscle cells, leading to increased cAMP levels and vasodilation

Question 29

what drug irreversibly inhibits VMAT, resulting in vesicles that lose their ability to concentrate and store norepinephrine and dopamine

Answer 29

reserpine

Question 30

what drug acts as a false neurotransmiter

Answer 30

guanadrel

Question 31

what do alpha1 selective adrenergic agonists increase

Answer 31

peripheral vascular resistance

Question 32

what drug is an alpha2-receptor agonist that lowers blood pressure by acting in brainstem vasomotor centers to suppress sympathetic outflow to the periphery

Answer 32

clonidine

Question 33

what are Beta2 selective agonists useful in the treatment of

Answer 33

asthma

Question 34

what is metaproterenol used for the treatment of

Answer 34

obstructive airway disease and acute bronchospasm

Question 35

what non-selective beta-adrenergic antagonist is lipophilic and has high CNS penetration

Answer 35

timolol

Question 36

what is the major difference between pindolol and acebutolol

Answer 36

pindolol is beta-nonselective; acebutolol is beta1-selective

Question 37

what are levobunolol and carteolol used for the treatment of

Answer 37

glaucoma