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LECOM PBL spring 2017 > pathology 8 (354-362): viral infections > Flashcards

pathology 8 (354-362): viral infections Flashcards

1
Q

what is the acute viral infection that affects multiple organs and causes a wide range of disease, from mild, self-limited infections to severe systemic manifestations

A

measles

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2
Q

what type of virus is the measles virus

A

single-stranded RNA virus of the paramyxovirus family

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3
Q

what other viruses are part of the paramyxovirus family

A

measles, mumps, respiratory syncytial virus, parainfluenza virus (cause of croup) and human metapneumovirus

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4
Q

how is measles virus transmitted

A

respiratory droplets

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5
Q

what are the cell surface receptors that have been identified for measles virus

A

CD46, SLAM and pectin 4

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6
Q

what does CD46 do

A

complement-regulatory protein that inactivates C3 convertases

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7
Q

what is CD46 expressed on

A

all nucleated cells

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8
Q

what is SLAM expressed on

A

cells of the immune system

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9
Q

what is pectin 4 expressed on

A

epithelial cells

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10
Q

what do all the cell surface receptors that are associated with measles bind to

A

viral hemagglutinin protein

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11
Q

what protects against reinfection of measles virus

A

antibody-mediated immunity

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12
Q

describe the rash that occurs with measles

A

blotchy, reddish brown rash on the face, trunk and proximal extremities

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13
Q

what is the name for the ulcerated mucosal lesions in the oral cavity near the opening of the stensen ducts that occur with measles

A

koplik spots

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14
Q

what is mumps usually associated with

A

pain and swelling of the salivary glands

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15
Q

how does mumps enter the upper respiratory tract

A

via inhalation of respiratory droplets

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16
Q

where does the mumps virus replicate

A

lymphocytes

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17
Q

what does mumps encephalitis cause

A

perivenous demyelination and perivascular mononuclear cuffing

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18
Q

describe the genus of poliovirus

A

spherical, unencapsulated RNA virus of the enterovirus genus

19
Q

how is polio virus transmitted

A

fecal-oral route

20
Q

how does poliovirus infect human cells

A

by binding to CD155, an epithelial adhesion molecule

21
Q

where does poliovirus replicate

A

mucosa of the pharynx and gut

22
Q

describe the genus of west nile virus

A

arthropod-borne virus (arbovirus) of the flavivirus group

23
Q

how is west nile virus transmitted

A

by mosquitoes to birds and to mammals

24
Q

what are the major reservoir for west nile virus

A

birds

25
Q

where does west nile virus replicate after inoculation by mosquito

A

in skin dendritic cells

26
Q

how is the diagnosis of west nile virus usually made

A

by serology, but viral culture and PCR-based tests are also used

27
Q

what occurs (symptoms) due to viral hemorrhagic fever

A

vascular dysregulation and damage, leading to shock

28
Q

what type of viruses cause viral hemorrhagic fever

A

enveloped RNA viruses

29
Q

define latency

A

persistence of viral genomes in cells that do not produce infectious virus

30
Q

what type of viruses are herpesviruses

A

large encapsulated viruses with double-stranded DNA genomes

31
Q

what viruses are part of the HSV alpha group

A

HSV-1, HSV-2, VZV

32
Q

what do group alpha HSC viruses infect

A

epithelial cells and produce latent infections in neurons

33
Q

what viruses are part of beta group HSV

A

CMV, human herpesvirus-6 and human herpesvirus-7

34
Q

what viruses are part of gamma group HSV

A

EBV and KSHV/HHV-8

35
Q

where do gamma group HSVs primary produce latent infection

A

lymphoid cells

36
Q

what is the major cause infectious cause of corneal blindness in the USA

A

HSV-1

37
Q

what is the major cause of fatal sporadic encephalitis in the USA

A

HSV-1

38
Q

what does acute infection with VZV cause

A

chickenpox

39
Q

what does reactivation of latent VZV cause

A

shingles

40
Q

where does VZV form its latent infection

A

sensory ganglia

41
Q

how long after respiratory infection does chickenpox rash occur

A

2 weeks

42
Q

what does EBV cause

A

infectious mononucleosis

43
Q

what is the main reservoir for infection with EBV

A

B cells

LECOM PBL spring 2017 (16 decks)

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