pathology 1263-1271 (cerebrovascular disease) Flashcards
(21 cards)
what is the 3rd leading cause of death in the USA
cerebrovascular disease
how much of the body’s resting cardiac output does the brain receive
15%
how much of the body’s resting oxygen consumption does the brain have
20%
when does global cerebral ischemia occur
when there is a generalized reduction of cerebral perfusion
what are the most sensitive CNS cells to ischemia
neurons
what area in cerebral hemispheres is most at risk for watershed infarcts
the border zone between the anterior and the middle cerebral artery distributions
what are the subacute changes (24hours to 2 weeks) after global ischemia
tissue necrosis, influx of macrophages, vascular proliferation and reactive gloss
what are the early changes (12 to 24 hours) after global ischemia
micro vacuolization, followed by eosinophilia of the neuronal cytoplasm, and later nuclear pyknosis and karyorrhexis
what are the most common culprits of brain enbolisms
cardiac mural thrombi
what are thrombotic occlusions of the brain most commonly associated with
atherosclerosis and plaque rupture
what is the term for development of single or multiple, small cavitary infarcts due to CNS arterial lesions
lacunes
what is hypertensive encephalopathy characterized by
diffuse cerebral dysfunction, including headaches, confusion, vomiting, and convulsions, sometimes leading to coma
what is it called when hypertensive encephalopathy preferentially involves large areas of the subcortical white matter with myelin and axon loss
binswanger disease
what is the risk factor most commonly associated with deep brain parenchymal hemorrhages
hypertension
where do most hypertensive intraparnchymal hemorrhages arise
in the putamen
what is the risk factor most commonly associated with lobar hemorrhages
cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA)
what is CADASIL caused by
autosomal dominant disorder caused by mutations in the NOTCH3 gene
where is NOTCH3 preferentially expressed
vascular smooth muscle
what is the most frequent cause of clinically significant subarachnoid hemorrhage
saccular (ferry) aneurysm in a cerebral artery
what is a venue angiomatous malformation of the spinal cord and overlying meninges, most often in the lumbosacral region, associated with ischemic injury to the spinal cord and slowly progressive neurologic symptoms
foix-alajouanina disease (angiodysgenetic necrotizing myelopathy)
what is the most common site of arteriovenous malformations
territory of the middle cerebral artery, particular its posterior branches
