pathology 1283-1286: demyelinating diseases

Question 1

what is the autoimmune demyelinating disorder characterized by distinct episodes of neurologic deficits, separated in time, attributable to white matter lesions that are separated in space

Answer 1

multiple sclerosis

Question 2

what are the lesions of MS caused by

Answer 2

autoimmune response directed against components of the myelin sheath

Question 3

what T helper cells are involved in MS

Answer 3

Th1 and Th17 cells that react against myelin agents & secrete cytokines

Question 4

what do TH1 cells secrete

Answer 4

IFN-gamma

Question 5

what do Th17 cells promote the recruitment of

Answer 5

leukocytes

Question 6

describe an active plaque of MS

Answer 6

ongoing myelin breakdown associated with abundant macrophages containing lipid-rich, PAS-positive debris

Question 7

what is the demyelinating syndrome with synchronous bilateral optic neuritis & spinal cord demyelination

Answer 7

neuromyelitis optica (NMO)

Question 8

what is the major water channel of astrocytes that often has antibodies against it in NMO

Answer 8

aquaporin-4

Question 9

what is a diffuse, monophonic demyelinating disease that follows either a viral infection or rarely viral immunization

Answer 9

acute disseminating encephalomyelitis

Question 10

what demyelinating disease invariably precedes a recent episode of upper respiratory infection

Answer 10

acute necrotizing hemorrhagic encephalomyelitis