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Step 1 Clues > pharm > Flashcards

pharm Flashcards

1
Q

What drugs act as haptens on platelets?
Leads to thrombocytopenia

A

Aspirin
Heparin
Quinidine

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2
Q

What drugs act as haptens on RBCs
Causing anemia

A

“PAD PACS”
- Penicillamine
- a-MeDopa
- Dapsone
-PTU
- Antimalarials
- Cephalosporins
- Sulfa drugs

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3
Q

What drugs wipe out the bone marrow?

A

“ABCV”
AZT
Benzene
Chloramphenicol
Vinblastine

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4
Q

What drugs wipe out granulocytes?

A

Carbamazepine
Clozapine
Ticlopidine

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5
Q

What drugs cause pulmonary fibrosis

A

ABBTM

Amiodarone
Busulfan
Bleomycin
Tocainide
Methotrexae

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6
Q

What drugs dilate veins and arteries?

A

ACE-I and Nitrate

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7
Q

What are the anti-inflammatory actions of steroids?
SIK

A
  • Stabilizes: mast cells/endothelium
  • Inhibits: MP migration/ PLA
    *Kills: T cells/eosinophils
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8
Q

What are the physiological effect of steroid ?

A

*Proteolysis(starting at lower extremities )

*gluconeogenesis

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9
Q

What is opioid mu receptors effects on cns?

A

Mental side effect (CNS depression)

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10
Q

opioid withdrawal

A

excitatory

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11
Q

Kappa receptors function in

A

pain relief

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12
Q

What drugs have sulfur in them?

A

ACEI
Celocoxib
Loop diuretics
Thiazides
Sulfonylureas
Sulfonamides

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13
Q

What are the short-acting DM Type 1 drugs?

A

Lispro
Regular
Aspart

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14
Q

What are the intermediate-acting DM Type 1 drugs?

A

NPH
Lente

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15
Q

What are the long-acting DM Type 1 drugs

A

Glargine
Ultralente

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16
Q

What drugs cause SLE?

A

“HIPPPE”
Hydralizine
INH
Procainamide Phenytoin Penicillamine Ethosuximide

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17
Q

What antibody is associated with drug-induced lupus?

A

Anti-histone Ab

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18
Q

What drugs cause labor induction?

A

*PGE2 – ripens cervix
*Oxytocin – increase contractions *Pitocin – increase contractions

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19
Q

What drugs cause labor halt = Tocolytics? relax

A

*Hydration (stop ADH=oxytocin)
*MgSO4 – decrease contractions
*Terbutaline – decrease contractions
*Ritodrine – increasing edema; decrease
contraction

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20
Q

What drugs can be Nephrotoxic?

A

Water soluble drugs

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21
Q

What drugs can be Hepatotoxic?

A

Fat soluble drugs

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22
Q

How do you treat Acetaminophen overdose?

A

Fluid
Activated charcoal
N-acetylcysteine

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23
Q

How do you treat Benzodiazepine overdose

A

Flumazenil

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24
Q

How do you treat beta blocker OD

A

Glucagon

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25
Q

How do you treat CCB overdose?

A

Calcium Chloride + Glucago

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26
Q

How do you treat CO poisoning?

A

100% O2

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27
Q

How do you treat Cu, Gold, Cd, Mercury, Arsenic poisoning?

A

Penicillamine

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28
Q

How do you treat Cyanide poisoning?

A

Amyl Nitrite
B12
Methylene blue
Transfusion

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29
Q

How do you treat Ethylene Glycol, MeOH overdose

A

EtOH, Fomepizole

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30
Q

How do you treat Fe overdose?

A

Deferoxamine

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31
Q

How do you treat Fibrinolytic overdose?

A

Aminocaproic acid

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32
Q

How do you treat Heparin overdose?

A

Protamine sulfate

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33
Q

How do you treat Lithium overdose?

A

Sodium polystyrene sulfonate

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34
Q

How do you treat Nitrite overdose?

A

Methylene blue

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35
Q

How do you treat Organophosphate poisoning?

A

Atropine + Pralidoxime

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36
Q

How do you treat Opioid overdose?

A

Naloxone

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37
Q

How do you treat Pb poisoning?

A

Succimer

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38
Q

How do you treat Salicylate overdose?

A

Fluid
Charcoal
bicarbonate

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39
Q

How do you treat TCA overdose?

A

Bicarbonate (prevent arrhythmias)

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40
Q

How do you treat Theophylline overdose?

A

Esmolol

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41
Q

How do you treat Warfarin overdose?

A

vit k
Cryoprecipitate

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42
Q

What drugs causes myositis & Hepatitis?

A

“RIPS”
Rifampin
INH
Prednisone
Statins

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43
Q

What drugs cause disulfiram reactions?

A

Metronidazole
Cephalosporins
Procarbazine

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44
Q

What drugs cause dysgeusia?

A

Metronidazole
Clarithromycin
Lithium

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45
Q

What antibiotics are in a triple antibiotic?

A

“Brand New Patient” Bacitracin
Neomycin Polymyxin D

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46
Q

What is the 1-dose treatment for Chlamydia?

A

Doxy
Pregnant: Azithromycin

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47
Q

What are the 1-dose treatments for Gonorrhea?

A

“Try to fix the fox with floxs”
Ceftriaxone
Cefixeme
Cefoxitin

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48
Q

What bugs are treated with vancomycin?

A

MRSA
Staph. epidermidis Enterococcu

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49
Q

resistance to Vancomycin, use

A

Linezolide

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50
Q

What is the treatment for malaria?

A

*Quinine – tinnitus
*Mefloquine – good liver penetration
*Primaquine – prevents relapse,
high bug resistance Chloraquine – kills RBCs

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51
Q

What should you always remember when taking a test?

A

You have been empowered… You now have the eyes of physio!

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52
Q

MI: fibrinolytic factors Plasmin

A

from Plasminogen

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53
Q

Alteplase: tPA is indicated for treatment of

A

STEMI

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54
Q

MOA of tPA

A

Binds of fibrin convert plasminogen to plasmin=fibrinolysis

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55
Q

How do you monitor tPA

A

PT & PTT

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56
Q

firstline for Atypical: non productive cough

A

Macrolides: Azythromycin

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57
Q

MOA involves inhibiting NE and 5-HT reuptake indicated for antidepressant

A

TCA

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58
Q

amitriptyline, imipramine ,nortriptyline, desipramine side effect

A

dry eye: antimuscarinic
tachycardia and urinary retention

orthostatic hypotension: a-blocker

QT, Torsades, AV block

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59
Q

Mannitol salt agar turns yellow with

A

S. aureus

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60
Q

transmitted by undercook pork in HIV pt

A

ring-enhancing lesions of the brain with toxoplasmosis gondii

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61
Q

phosphodiesterase inhibitors

A

caffeine
Theophylline

Sildenafil
vardenafil
Tadalafil

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62
Q

Nitrates, Endotoxin, ANP

A

elevate c-GMP : dilate veins before artery

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63
Q

membrane physio
Topical anesthetic with two I
Metabolize?
3 mc side effect?
distribution?
Charged?
Size?
maybe contraindicated in which patient?

A

amide
fat soluble

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64
Q

membrane physio Topical anesthetic with one I.
Metabolize?
3 mc side effect?
distribution?
Charged?
Size?
maybe contraindicated in which patient?

A

ester
water soluble

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65
Q

Inhalational Anesthetic

Fat soluble characteristics : Oil/gas partition coefficient
onset?
recovery?
MAC?

A

quick
slow
Low

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66
Q

Inhalation anesthetics
Water Soluble: Blood/gas Partition coefficient
onset
recovery?
MAC?

A

slow
quick
High

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67
Q

Antiseizure med: membrane physio

What two ions may be active during Siezure

A

Na
Ca (only thalamus)

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68
Q

Generalized seizure defined as

A

loss consciousness

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69
Q

G. Seizure Med/MOA

A

Phenytoin
Blocks: Na

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70
Q

G. Seizure in Children
MED/MOA

A

Phenobarbital Incr. GABA

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71
Q

Thalamic Absence Seizures

A

Ethosuzimide
Ca blocker

Bone marrow/Lupus

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72
Q

Mixed or Myotonic Seizure

A

Valproic Acid: Na/Ca/folate
birth defect
bone marrow

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73
Q

Temporal lobe seizures

A

Carbamazepine: Na/Ca
agranulocytosis

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74
Q

Febrile Seizures

A

Acetaminophen

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75
Q

Sumatriptan moa
Indication

A

5-HT 1B/1D agonist
Migraine txt

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76
Q

Contraindications of sumatriptan

A

Poorly controlled hypertensive pt and MI

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77
Q

Antiemetic:dopamine receptor antagonist that causes Parkinson’s

A

Metoclopramide

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78
Q

What is Reye’s syndrome

A

Mito damaged by aspirin during viral treatment in kids

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79
Q

Moa of thiazolidinediones n why contraindicated in heart failure pt

A

Decre insulin resistance in periphery and liver

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80
Q

Triple therapy for H. Pylori

A

Lansoprazole, Amoxicillin and Clarithromycin

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81
Q

Blocks viral glycoprotein gp41

prevents fusion

A

Enfuvirtide

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82
Q

Amniotic fluid analysis shows an increase level of acetycholinesterase

A

fusion of the edges of the neural plate

AFP and AChE +neurotube defect

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83
Q

coarctation of aorta, bicuspid aortic valve, aortic dissection, horseshoe kidney, steak ovaries, wide chest

A

Turner syndrome

45,XO

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84
Q

PCOS findings

A

hirsutism=hi androgens
2ndary amenorrhea
Diabetes= insulin resistance
Obesity

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85
Q

Pelvic inflammatory dz

A

STI
fibrotic fallopian tubes

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86
Q

amniotic finding of down S.

A

AFP and normal AChE

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87
Q

Mutation in Stat3 (jak-stat)

coarse face, recurrent nontender cold absces, eczema, have primary teeth

A

Hyper IgE

recurrent infection, high eosinophills, low Th17 cells

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88
Q

child

Hyper IgE

low Th17 presentation

A

coarse face, recurrent nontender cold absces, eczema, have primary teeth

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89
Q

infant

cause of hyper IgM

no cold skin abscesses

A

CD40 ligan defect

opportunistic infection & Sinopulmonary infection

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90
Q

nicotine withdrawer

A

dysphoria
irritability
anxiety
hi appetite

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91
Q

cocaine, amphetamines(ADHD)

Simulants withdrawal

A

vivid dreams, depress, hypersomnia, hyperphagia
hi appetite

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92
Q

opioids withdrawer

A

NVD, abdominal cramping, muscle aches

lacremation, piloerction

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93
Q

withdrawal

seizures, tachycardia, tremors

A

benzo
alcohol

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94
Q

prefers to be alone, detached and unemotional

A

schizoid

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95
Q

unusual magical thinking, perceptions and behavior

A

schizotypal

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96
Q

avoidance due to fears of criticism and rejection

A

Avoidant

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97
Q

MOA of lipid lowering drug effective in prevent cardiovascular events

A

Enzyme inhibitor

statins

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98
Q

effective triglycerides lowering

A

fibrates
exercise & weight loss

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99
Q

effective HDL increase cholesterol lowering

A

niacin

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100
Q

in cholesterol therapy cationic exchange resins is moa of

A

bile acid sequester
cholestyramine

increases cholesterol production in liver

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101
Q

in cholesterol therapy absorption inhibitor is MOA of

in GI

A

Ezetimibe

myositis hepetitis

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102
Q

Anti-glomerular basement membrane react with

crescent formation

A

collagen type IV

linear deposition of IgG, C3 along GBM

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103
Q

cytosolic pathway

A

glycolysis
fatty acid synthesis
pentose phosphat pathway

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104
Q

inhalaton of animal waste

clearning barn no hay involve

A

acute Q fever

coxiella burnetii

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105
Q

heavily methylated DNA at the periphery of the nucleus

A

low trnscription activity

heterochomatin

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106
Q

cortical atroph involving loss of cholinergic neurons

A

Alzheimer AD

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107
Q

what cortical degenerative dz involve low synaptic ACH degradation

A

alzheimer dz

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108
Q

pathogenesis

alzheimer dz

A

B-amyloid<-> nueuronal stress–> excitotoxic–> neuronal degeneration–>diffuse cortical atrophy

loss of ACH neuron–> impaired memory & cognition

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109
Q

increase theophyline in pt with UTI

A

Ciprofloxacin

p450 inhibitor

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110
Q

histology

actinic keratosis

premalignant

A

scattered mitotic figures
epidermal thickness
hyperchomatic

atypical epidermal karatinocytes

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111
Q

+sense SS RNA virus introduce to host cell will begin

EG: Rhinovirus

A

viral protein sythesis and viral genome
immediate symptom presentation

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112
Q

infant of few month old

healthy baby with frequent postpredial emesis

A

physiologic low tone of the LES

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113
Q

Entacapone MOA

A

dec peripheral levodopa degredation

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114
Q

Tolcapone MOA

A

dec central levodopa degredation

increase dopamine

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115
Q

carbidopa MOA

A

inhibit DOPA decarboxylase

increase peripheral Levodopa—> cross BBB

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116
Q

LPS is also

endotoxin induces macrophages

A

lipid A

septic shock

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117
Q

radial head subluxation may trap

A

annular ligament

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118
Q

during cervical lympnod dissection

damage nerve and muscle

A

spinal assesory
Trapezius

SCM

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119
Q

patient taking Naltrexone

MOA

A

mu-opioid blocker

inhibit rewarding and reinforcing effect of alcohol, dec craving

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120
Q

flushing, wheezing, diarrhea, clonus and hyperreflexia

A

serotonin syndrome

cyproheptadine and octreotide

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121
Q

controls reticular activating system

A

serotonine

monoamine: ADD and ADHD
causes of GI vomiting

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122
Q

M1 action

A

secretions, CNS

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123
Q

M2 action

A

bradycardia
decrease contractility

124
Q

M3 action

A

smooth muscle contraction
urination,
bronchial constriction
GI motility

accommodation ciliary muscle

125
Q

antihistamin
anti-muscarinic
anti-nicotinic receptors symptoms

A

Dry
decrease accommodation=cycloplegia

126
Q

use in treatment of V. Fib

A

epinephrine

127
Q

high affinity fo beta 2 than beta 1receptor
2hr half-life

A

Epinephrine

DOC for anaphylaxis

128
Q

causes blood pressure reversal and rhinitis medicamentosa

A

epi

129
Q

DOC for septic shock

A

NorEpi

higher affinity for alpha and controls autonomics

130
Q

most common decongestant

A

ephedrine

131
Q

most abuse on the street: sudafed or allegra-D

A

psuedo-ephedrine

132
Q

DOC for neurogenic shock: found in neo-synephrine

A

phenylephrine

133
Q

block alpha, short acting, DX pheochrom’

A

phentolamine

134
Q

DOC for treatment of pheochromocytoma

A

Phenoxybenzamine

135
Q

Used for ED before viagra

A

Yohimbine

136
Q

potent and rapid dialator with 1st dose synncope

alpha blockade

A

prazosin

pt must be in bed to avoid fall

137
Q

first line for BPH

alpha antagonist

A

Terazosin and Doxazosin

138
Q

fewest side effects of all the alpha 1 blockers

A

Tamsulosin

139
Q

blocks catecholamines reuptake

A

cocaine

hi dopamine and norepinephrine

140
Q

receptor found in presynaptic sympa. fibers

prevent NorEpi release
inhibits insulin release in Islet cells of pancrease

A

Alpha-2

141
Q

use for behavior problem and hypertension

A

Clonidine

alpha -2 agonist(G. Inhibitory)

142
Q

DOC for HTN in 3rd trimester, causes autoimmune hemolytic anemia

A

Alpha methyldopa

alpha 2 agonist

143
Q

alpha 2 agonist

used as an antidepressant, causes weight gain

A

mertazapine

144
Q

Beta 1 blocker in the CNS causes

A

depression

145
Q

Beta 1 in the JG apparatus cause

A

renin release

blocking lowers BP

146
Q

beta 1 in the alpha cells causes

A

glucagon release

blocking lowers ATP in starvation

147
Q

B

Beta 1 in SA node

A

speed up Heart rate and contractility

blocking slows down the heart

148
Q

nonspecific beta-agonists

A

epinephrine and Norepi

149
Q

Receptor

Bronchodilate
stimulate CNS activity
cardiac contractility (not rate)
Covert T-4–>T3
controls insulin release
uterus relaxation

A

Beta 2

150
Q

Beta 2 agonist

Albuterol
Terbutaline
Indication

A

first line Asthma
and
Obstructive lung Disease

151
Q

Beta 2 agonist

used in preterm labor

A

terbutaline and
Ritodrine

152
Q

Beta 2 agonist

long acting
may conbine with steroid in asthma treatment

A

salmeterol
and
Formoterol

153
Q

Beta 2 agonist

longest acting and given only once a day

A

Vilanterol

154
Q

selective Beta 1 blocker
2A2B ME

A

atenolol
acebutolol
betaxolol
bisoprolol
esmolol
metoprolol and
nebivolol

155
Q

selective Beta 1 blocker indication

A

severe heart failure
obstructive lung dz
advanced heart block
diabetics
peripheral vascular dz

156
Q

all peripheral arterioles have which beta receptor

A

Beta 2

157
Q

longest acting beta blocker

A

propranolol
Velanterol(1/day)

158
Q

shortest acting beta blocker use by anesthesiologists, dissecting Aortic anurysm or in pt with rapidly rising BP

A

Esmolol

159
Q

used for open angle glaucoma. B-blocker

A

Timolol
Betaxolol

160
Q

only beta-blocker that can block potassium channel

prolonged QT

A

Sotalol

161
Q

beta blocker with smooth muscle relaxant effects

A

Nabivolol

162
Q

alpha 1 and beta 1/2 blocker:

use in place of Sodium nitroprusside

A

labetalol and carvedilol

use in pregnant women with HTN crisis and pheochromo

163
Q

partial beta agonist effect with intrinsic sympathomimetic action

A

Acebutolol
and
Pindolol

164
Q

breaks down catecholamines presynaptically

A

MAO

165
Q

break down catecholamines post-synoptically

A

COMT

166
Q

depleting dopamine and norepi causes

A

depression
autonomic dysfunction
parkinson’s

guanethidine presynaptic push dopamine and norepi out their vesicle

167
Q

use for copper and lead poisoning and everything 2+ Charge

A

penicillamine

cause neuropathies due to its effect on 2+ charge ions

168
Q

treat lead and arsenic poisoning

A

Dimercaprol (BAL)

169
Q

lead chelator and also use to store blood

A

EDTA

170
Q

Blocks initiation factor and presynaptic influx of calcium

A

amino-glycoside

neuropathies

171
Q

ca channel blocker

A

verapamil
nimodipine
nicardipine
felodipine
amlodipine

172
Q

2 most potent Ca+ channel blocker

A

Verapamil follow by Diltiazem

173
Q

decrease vasospasm after subarachnoid hemorrhage and decrease motality

A

Nimodipine

174
Q

3 Top DX for

chest pain

A

MI
Dissection
Angina

women present with GI complains: NVD (dyspepsia)

175
Q

treatment for stable angina

A

O2
Aspirin (target platelet)
Morphine(target pain cause by sympathetic response)
Beta blocker if BP is high

176
Q

heparin use in angina to

cofactor for anti-thrombin 3

A

block thrombin and 9, 10, 11, 12
stops clot progression

177
Q

What ADP blocker r use for angina

A

Clopidogrel and ticagrelor

178
Q

angina treatment that blocks aldosterone release

A

ACE inhibitor

179
Q

HMG-COa reductase and inflammatory control

A

atorvastatin

180
Q

why stop metformin in angina pt

A

it interact with radiocontrast in angiography

damage kidneys

181
Q

why stop calcium channel blocker

A

you don’t want to decrease contractility during MI

182
Q

Nitrates use in angina to

A

venodilate then vasodilate

183
Q

breaks up clot by activating palsminogen to plasmin

A

tPA

184
Q

1st

finding for cath lab

A

70% + stenosis in LAD
left main

185
Q

2nd

finding for cath lab

A

3 or more vessel dz with 70% occlusion

186
Q

3rd

finding for cath lab

A

2 vessel dz with 70% stenosis
in a diabetic

atherosclerosis is agressive in diabetic

187
Q

3 option to keep pt on the left side of the Frank starling curve

A
  1. O2: save the brain
  2. diuretic: lowers volume (also decrease lung edema)
  3. improve contractility
  4. digoxin, dobutamine or dopamine
188
Q

heart failure post mi is define as

A

40% myocardium loss
45% /less ejection F

left coronary artery dz 90% of the time

189
Q

QRS

systolic dysfunction

A

tall and wide

S3: dialated cardiomyopathy

190
Q

QRS

Diastolic dysfunction

A

S4, Tall narrow, hypertrophy, decrease filling, hi systemic resistant,

191
Q

Heart fialure drug and receptor

dialate bld vessels in the kidney and GI, increase cardiac contractility

A

D1: dopamine and fenoldopam

low dose only

192
Q

Hi dose Dopamine stimulates

A

alpha 1, increase TPR

193
Q

pure Beta 1 agonist, raise hrt rate and contractility

A

Dobutamine

194
Q

block K in Na/K pump causing hypoK, cellular edema and halo

papilledema, atrial arrhythmia( Na and Ca trap in cell)

A

digitalis

195
Q

treat digitalis toxicity with

A

digibind/dagifab

antibodies…excreted through the kidneys

196
Q

inhibits neprilysin to increase ANP..to increase kidney bld flow

A

Sacubitril

combo ARB+sacubitril: first line for left sided heart fialure

197
Q

decrease TPR with

A

ACE-I/ARBs

decrease mortality

198
Q

Beta blocker that can decrease mortality are (CBM)

A

metoprolol, Bisoprolol Carvedilol

depending on Bld pressure

199
Q

Aldo blocker decrease cardiac fibrosis

A

Eplerenone
spironolactone

aldo increase d/to RAAS and sympathetic

200
Q

Block ADH with

A

Conivaptan
Tolvaptan

201
Q

autoimmune attack against acetylcholine nicotinic receptor

A

40% thymoma
MG

test with edrophonium

202
Q

acetylcholinesterase inhibitor

first line treatment for MG

A

neostigmine

203
Q

irreversible ACHesterase Inhibitor

A

parathion, malathion

204
Q

anticholinergics

DOC for organophosphate poisoning

A

Atropine
pralidoxime(2 PAM)

205
Q

anticholinergics

use to dry up pulmonary secretion before surgery

A

Glycopyrrolate

206
Q

anticholinergics

use for Parkinson DZ or for dystonia

A

Benztropine
Trihexyphenidyl

207
Q

anticholinergics

treatment for COPD

A

IPratropium
tiotropium

208
Q

mucolytic

A

Guaifenesin
N-acetylcysteine

best for COPD

209
Q

decrease mortality after MI

A

Nitrites in blacks
Sacubitral
Morphine
Beta blocker (avoid with hypo-TN)
Statin
ACEI/ARB
Spironolactone
Aspirin +ADP inhibitors (ticagrelol…)

210
Q

decrease mortality with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

A

spironolactone

211
Q

decrease mortality in acute MI

A

tPA
Heparin
Aspirn + Clopidagrel

stop metformin
stop CCB

212
Q

mood-stabilizing agents

A

Lithium
anticonvulsants
valproate, carbamazepine, and lamotrigine

213
Q

MOA of Tamoxifen and Raloxifene

A

competitive inhibitor of estrogen binding
mixed agonist/antagonist action

214
Q

Treatment for postmenopausal osteoporosis

A

Raloxifene

215
Q

adjuvant treatment of breast cancer
Endometrial hyperplasia
uterine sarcoma

A

Tamoxifen

216
Q

2 NRTIs ( nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors)
converte by a cellular kinase to monophosphate

A

Zidovudine
Emtricitabine

217
Q

2 NNRTIs (Nonnucleoside RTI)
no intracellular phosphorylation needed

A

Nevirapine
efavirenz

218
Q

HIV protease inhibitor

A

‘navir”. Ritonavir

219
Q

treatment of anogenital warts cuased by HPV

A

Topical imiquimod

220
Q

block Na ion conduction
paralysis and kill louse

A

permethrin
phthirus pubis(Crabs)

221
Q

bipolar maintenances

A

lithium
valproate
lamotrigine

Second gen antipsychotics
quetiapine
risperidone

222
Q

MOA of Rasburicase

A

converts uric acid into more soluble metabolites

223
Q

a purine inhibitor of xanthine oxidase

A

Allopurinol

224
Q

a non-purine inhibitor of xanthine oxidase

fewer adverse effects

A

Febuxostat

225
Q

supply thio group to inactivate toxic metabolites

A

Mesna

226
Q

indication for Dobutamine

increase O2 demand

A

refractory systolic dysfunction and cardiogenic shock

positie inotropy and chronotropy and mild vasodilation

227
Q

Anthracyclines( daunorubicin, doxorubicin) moa

A

binding to the topoisomerase II enzyme in cancer cells
DNA intercalating:cleavage complexes that break DNA
Free radical formation

228
Q

dexrazoxane

A

Prevent cardio toxicity (dilated cardiomyopathy)

229
Q

tazobactam, clavulanic acid, and sulbactam moa

A

Prevents beta lactamase

230
Q

Proton pump inhibitors (eg, omeprazole, lansoprazole) block

A

H+/K+-ATPase proton pump

231
Q

human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) drug

A

Trastuzumab

232
Q

decrease mortality in heart failure

A

BASS N
Beta Blocker
ACEI/ARBs
Spironolactone
Statin
Sacubutril
Nitrites in blacks

233
Q

ADHD

Preferred med’

A

Stimulants (methylphenidate, amphetamine)

Preferred med’

234
Q

Alcohol withdrawal

A

Benzo’s(chlordiazepoxide,lorazepam, diazepam)

Preferred med’

235
Q

Bipolar disorder

Preferred med’

A

Lithium, valproic acid, atypical antipsychotics

236
Q

Bulimia nervosa Rx

A

SSRIs

237
Q

Depression RX

A

SSRIs

238
Q

GAD
General Anxiety Disorder

A

SSRIs, SNRIs

239
Q

OCD rx

A

SSRIs, venlafaxine, clomipramine

240
Q

Panic disorder

A

SSRIs, venlafaxine, benzo’s

241
Q

PTSD

A

SSRIs, venlafaxine

242
Q

Schizophrenia

A

Atypical antipsychotics

243
Q

Social anxiety disorder

A

SSRIs, venlafaxine
Performance only: ß-blockers, benzo’s

244
Q

Tourette syndrome

A

Antipsychotics (fluphenazine,pimozide, tetrabenazine)

245
Q

CNS stimulants

A

Methylphenidate
Dextroamphetamine
Methamphetamin

246
Q

CNS stimulants
moa

A

increase catecholamines: NE & Dopamine

247
Q

Uses for CNS stimulants

A

ADHD
Narcolepsy
Appetite control

248
Q

Antipsychotics (neuroleptics) Haloperidol + “azines
MOA

A

block D2 receptors(increase cAMP)

249
Q

Hi Potency Antipsychotics (neuroleptics)

A

Trifluoperazine
Fluphenazine
Haloperidol

250
Q

adverse effect of Hi potency D2 blocker

A

EPS

251
Q

2 low potency antipsychotic

A

chlorpramazine
Thioridazine

252
Q

block alpha 1, decrease BP, corneal deposits

A

chlorpromazine

253
Q

Thioridazine : can cause

A

iris pigmentation (ReTinal
deposits)

254
Q

Haloperidol causes

A

NMS,
Tardive dyskinesia

255
Q

EPS that starts hrs to days

A

Acute dystonia
Muscle spasm, stiffness
oculogyric crisis

256
Q

EPS that starts months later

A

Akathisia
Parkinsonism

257
Q

EPS that starts months to years

A

Tardive dyskinesia

258
Q

NMS (FEVER)

A

fever
encepholopathy
vitals unstable
Enzymes increase
Rigidity

259
Q

antipsychotics are water soluble or fat soluble

A
260
Q

Treat EPS with

A

Benztropine
Diphenhydramine
Benzodiazepines

261
Q

NMS treatment

A

Dantrolene
D2 agonist(bromocriptine)

262
Q

depot form antispychotic

A

Fluphenazine

EPS

263
Q

Promethazine

A

anti-emetic in children

EPS

264
Q

adult antiemetic

A

perchlorperazine

EPS

265
Q

MOA of atypical antipsychotics

A

Most are D2 antagonists
varied effects on 5-HT2,
dopamine + ⍺ and H1 receptor

266
Q

atypical

Aripiprazole moa

A

D2 partial agonist

267
Q

indication of atypical antipsychotic

A

schizophrenia: both + & – sx
* bipolar disorder
* OCD
* anxiety disorder
* depression
* mania
* Tourette syndrome

268
Q

Effect of atypical antipsychotics

A

prolonged QT
Metabolic syndrome

269
Q

2 failed antipsychotic.. next step

A

clozapine

270
Q

adverse effect of clozapine

A

agranulocytosis
Neutropenia
Seizures

271
Q

Olanzapine causes

A

Obesity

272
Q

Risperidone SE

A

hyperprolactinemia
(amenorrhea, galactorrhea, gynecomastia)

273
Q

Quetiapine SE

A

catatacts

274
Q

blocks dephosphorylation of
IP3-DA

mood stabilizer

A

Lithium

275
Q

Lithium indication

A

mood stabilizer for bipolar
disorder
blocks relapse + acute
manic events

276
Q

Lithium causes

A

tremor
Nephro DI
Hypothyroidism
teratogenic

277
Q

other drug thats implicated in Lithium tox

A

thiazide

278
Q

Epsteins anomaly(atrialization)

A

Lithium in pregnacy

279
Q

GAD, no sedation, ++5-HT-1A receptors

A

Buspirone

280
Q

5-HT-specific reuptake inhi

A

SSRIs

281
Q

SSRIs list

A

sertraline
citalopram
fluoxetine
paroxetine

282
Q

hyperthermia
confusion
diarrhea
seizures
cardiovascular collapse

A

serotonin syndrome

283
Q

SSRI indication

A

use: * depression * GAD * panic disorder * OCD * bulimia * social anxiety disorder * PTSD * premature ejaculation * premenstrual dysphoric disord

284
Q

sertraline use in

A

PTSD

285
Q

fluoxetine(prozac)

A

depression

286
Q

helps with memory post stroke

A

escitalopram

287
Q

social phobia
premature ejaculation

A

Paroxetine

288
Q

Rx for serotonin syndrome

A

cyproheptadine

289
Q

SNRI

A

Venlafaxine Desvenlafaxine Duloxetine Levomilnacipran Milnacipra

290
Q

Inhibit 5-HT + NE reuptake

A

SNRI

291
Q

indication

SNRI

A

depression
GAD
diabetic neuropathy

292
Q

venlafaxine indication

A

Social anxiety disorder.

panic disorder
* PTSD
* OCD

293
Q

Duloxetine indication

A

depression
peripheral neuropathy

294
Q

how to prevent arrhythmia in TCA tox

A

NaHCO3

295
Q

MAOi-B action

A

nonselective MAOi ↑ levels
of amine NT’s (NE, 5-HT, dopamine)

296
Q

MOAi indication

A
  • Atypical depression * Anxiety
297
Q

MAOi S/E

A
  • HTN crisis (most notably w/ tyramine containing foods)
  • CNS stimulatio
298
Q

Atypical antidepressants

Buproprion MOA

A
  • ↑ NE + Dopamine via
    unknown mechanism
  • smoking cessation
299
Q

Mirtazapine MOA

A
  • ⍺2-antagonist (↑ NE + 5-HT)
  • potent 5HT2 + 5HT3 receptor antagonist
  • H1 antagonist

depression

300
Q

Mirtazapine toxicity

A
  • sedation (desirable in insomnia pt)
  • ↑ appetite / weight gain (desirable in elderly /anorexic pt)
  • dry mouth
301
Q

Trazodone toxicity

Blocks: 5-HT2, A1, H1

A

priapism
Sedation

302
Q

Nicotinic ACh receptor
partial agonis

A

Varenicline

smoking cessation

303
Q

MOAi -A

A

Tranylcypromine
Isocarboxacid
Phenelzine

304
Q

use for out patient empiric treatment of uncomplicated pyelonephritis

A

Fluoroquinolones (ciprofloxacin 7days
levofloxacin 5days

305
Q
A
306
Q
A

Step 1 Clues (27 decks)

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