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Step 1 Clues > MC Part 2 > Flashcards

MC Part 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Mc age for traction diverticulum

A

Elderly dt losing muscle tone
(B/t UES/LES dt large bolus)

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2
Q

mc age for ischemic Infart(abdomen angina)

A

Elderly (severe LUQ pain)

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3
Q

Gastric obstruction:bezoar: mc object and location

A

Hair-antrum of stomach

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4
Q

MCC acute pancreatitis in children

A

Trauma
Coxakie B
Mumps
Hypertrigleceridemia

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5
Q

MCC acute pancreatitis in adults

A

Alcohol
Gallstones (in CBD)
Hypertriglyceridemia
Hypercalcemia

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6
Q

MCC of Loss of LES in obesity
Conditions?

A

GERD

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7
Q

Mc Congenital esophageal problems

A

Esophageal atresia with Tracheal-Esophageal fistula

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8
Q

MC age for Traction Diverticulum

A

Elderly dt losing Muscle tone
(B/t UES/LES dt Large Bolus)

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9
Q

MC Disaccharide Dif

A

Lactose

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10
Q

MC congenital Disaccaride def

A

Sucrose

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11
Q

MC type of Hyperlipidemia

A

Type 2b
(^LDL ^VLDL dt lipoprotein Lipase or C2 def at Adipose tissue)

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12
Q

MCC Malabsorption in Children

A

Cystic Fibrosis
Celiac Sprue (is becoming more common)

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13
Q

MCC Malabsorption in Adults

A

IBD(Chron’s>Ulcerative Colitis)

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14
Q

Rebound & Rigidity

A

Peritonitis

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15
Q

causes of INDIRECT (unconjugated bilirubin) elevation + Jaundice

A

-Low Albumin (required for bilirubin transport to the liver: Deficient in Nephrotic syndromes, menetriers, Kwashiorkor, Liver Cirrhosis)

-UDP-glucuronyl transferase deficiency (found in the liver, made from glucose, Def in every glycogen storage dz)

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16
Q

Causes of Direct (conjugated) Bilirubin + Jaundice

A

rotor Syndrome, Dubin Johnson

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17
Q

causes Cholestatic Jaundice by age group(obstruction)
Newborn,children,adults, >40

A

-Newborn 👶: choledochal Cyst (Biliary tract Cyst) Biliary Atresia
-Children: Pancreatitis (Trauma, Infection)
Adults: Alcohol, gallstones, ^TG, hypercalcemia, Primary sclerosis cholangitis (UC), primary biliary cirrhosis
->40 cancer at the head of the Pancreas

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18
Q

MCC of fistulas in Elderly

A

diverticulitis

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19
Q

Primary cause of current jelly stool

A

Intussuception

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20
Q

MCC appendicitis

A

Fecolith(Ecoli)

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21
Q

MC GI problem In America

A

Constipation (dt Low Volume State) Ascending Colon

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22
Q

MCC upper GI bleeding in adults + Older children

A

Gastritis (type A) [result in Pernicious Anemia]

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23
Q

MCC Lower GI Obstruction 1 yr of life

A

Hirschprung

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24
Q

MCC of cholecystectomy in children

A

Dubin Johnson

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25
Q

MC location for Fat Malabsorption in Chron’s

A

Jejunum (90% of things Absorbed here)

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26
Q

MCC ischemic bowel

A

atherosclerosis (MC location: Splenic flexure)

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27
Q

MCC of small for Gestational Age (SGA) Asymmetrical

A

HTN (is MC Type)

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28
Q

MCC of small for Gestational Age (SGA) symmetrical

A

Genetic Abnormalities

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29
Q

MCC of Large for Gest Age (LGA) [Macrosomia]

A

Diabetic mother

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30
Q

MCC primary Amenorrhea

A

Anovulation

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31
Q

MCC Secondary Amenorrhea

A

Pregnancy

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32
Q

MC presentation of PCOS

A

Secondary Amenorrhea

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33
Q

MC progesterone Drug

A

Norethindrone

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34
Q

MC Estrogen drug

A

Mestranol

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35
Q

MCC dysfunctional uterine bleeding

A

Obesity

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36
Q

MCC infertility

A
  1. Male
  2. Female =PID
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37
Q

MCC of Ectopic Pregnancy

A

PID (Pelvic Inflammatory DZ)

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38
Q

MCC Abnormal Triple Marker in pregnancy AFP, hCG, estriol

A

Dating Error

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39
Q

MC breast Mass

A

cyst

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40
Q

mc breast tumor <25yo

A

Fibroadenoma
Estrogen dependent, Big at first 2 wks of cycle)

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41
Q

MC breast tumor > 25yo

A

Fibrocystic DZ
worsens in last 2wks dt progesterone

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42
Q

MC breast cancer overall

A

intraductal adenocarcinoma

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43
Q

MC locations of endometriosis

A
  1. Ovary
  2. Uterosacral ligament
  3. Pouch of Douglas
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44
Q

MC Endometrial Cancer

A

Endometrial Carcinoma

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45
Q

MC location of fibroids/Leiomyoma

A

Submucosal > Subserosal (Heavy Menses)

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46
Q

MC ovarian mass

A

follicular cyst

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47
Q

MC ovarian tumor

A

Serous Cystadenoma

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48
Q

MC ovarian cancer

A

Serous Cystadenocarcinoma

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49
Q

MCC EPS symptoms

A

High Potency typical antipsychotic
(Try to Fly High) Trifluoperazine, Fluphenazine, Haloperidol

50
Q

MC Necrophiles: men or women

A

Women> Men

51
Q

MC Joint involvement in Osteoarthritis

A

Lumbars>Hip>Knees

52
Q

MC Dz affecting DIP joints

A

Osteoarthritis / Psoriasis

53
Q

MCC Cauda Equina Syndrome

A

Osteoarthritis (Saddle Anesthesia)

54
Q

MC CNS bleed in Premature Babies

A

Intraventricular hemorrhage
(dt Free Radical Damage from Supplemental O2)

55
Q

MC location of Syringomyelia

56
Q

MCC Hemorrhage infarct

57
Q

MCC Subdural Hematoma

A

Trauma (Bridging veins Rupture)

58
Q

MC Population seen with Subdural Hematoma

A

Elderly (headache Wks after trauma-dt veins)

59
Q

MCC Epidural hematoma

A

Trauma [middle meningeal Artery)

60
Q

MC population seen with epidural hematoma

A

Think sports ie Baseball player
[Lucid interval is dt VasoConstriction by platelets releasing 5 HT and TXA2]

61
Q

MCC sub Arachnoid Hemorrhage (SAH)

A

Berry Aneurysm rupture Mcomly dt HTN

62
Q

MC location of sub Arachnoid hemorrhage

A

Anterior Cerebral Artery
-Posterior Communicating Artery in PCKD

63
Q

MCC Autonomic dysfunction

A

diabetes Mellitus

64
Q

MCC Autonomic dysfunction in Newborn

A

Riley day syndrome

65
Q

MCC autonomic Dysfunction in Parkinsons

A

Multiple system atrophy syndrome (shy Dragger Syndrome)

66
Q

MCC autonomic dysfunction in elderly, dt?

A

Sick sinus syndrome
Atherosclerosis

67
Q

MCC neuromuscular dysfunction in newborn

A

wedding hoffman

68
Q

mcc passing out in young people

A

vasovagal syncope

69
Q

MCC non communicating hydrocephalus in newborns

A
  1. Acqueductal Stenosis
    (Aq duct of Sylvia’s is the most narrow part of the Ventricles)
  2. Dandy walker cyst (at 4th ventricle)
70
Q

MCC non communicating hydrocephalus in child

A

meningitis (esp TB)

71
Q

MCC non communicating hydrocephalus in adults/elderly

A

cancer (mets)

72
Q

MCC Anisocoria in newborn

A

congenital (AD)
if in person w/o history=Rule out ^ICP

73
Q

Mcc strabismus

A

weak extraocular Muscles (CN 3/4/6

74
Q

MC of death in Huntington Dz

75
Q

Cortical spinal tract damage(cns)

A

Atonic seizure, B12 Def, ALS [spasticity, Babinski, hyperreflexia, Clonus]

76
Q

Dorsal column damage

A

syphilis, B12 def, brown squared (stab)
(Vibratory Sensation, 2-point discrimination, conscious proprioception, position sense)

77
Q

Spinothalamic tract damage

A

syringomyelia (pain and temperature loss)

78
Q

Pons Damage

A

Locked-in syndrome, central pontine
Demyelinolysis, Fast Glucose Adjustments

79
Q

^ ICP (obesity, ^Vit A) S&S

A

Signs: 1. Papilledema CN2 2 Esotropea CN6
Symptoms: 1. Headache 2. Diplopia/Blurred Vision

80
Q

Herniation signs

A

Sign: 1. CN3 Paralysis (Blown Pupil)
2. Decorticate (Red Nucleus Still flex upper limbs)
3. Decerebrate: all extremities extend by default

81
Q

MC Bugs in DRG

A

Polio, VZV, Rabies

82
Q

MC Bug in Frontal lobe

Findings

A

Rubella
(Blueberry Rash, PDA, Hearing loss (CN8), Cataracts, Autism)

83
Q

MC Bug in Temporal lobe
“Hear (herpes) with your ears (Temporal)”

A

HSV
(Hemorrhage Encephalitis /Temporal Seizure)

84
Q

MC bug in Parietal lobe
You get Toxic at Parties”

A

toxoplasma
multiple ring-enhancing lesions, cat urine-moms

85
Q

MC bug in posterior fossa “TB to Back”

A

Tuberculosis

86
Q

MC bug in the hippocampus. “Hippos give Rabies”

87
Q

MC bug in dorsal column medial lemniscus (DCML)
DCML– VDRL

A

Treponema pallidum(Syphillis)
Saddle nose, saber Shins, Hutchinson Teeth, Rhagades, Flat forehead)

88
Q

MC bug attacking midline of head

A

CMV.
“CMV=C midline Virus”

89
Q

MCC chancroid painful

A

H. ducreyi

90
Q

mc used antibiotics in USA

A

Penicillins /cephlosporins

91
Q

MCC anaphylaxis dt drugs

A

Penicillins

92
Q

MC used Antibiotic in pediatrics

A

Extended Spec PCNs (amoxicillin)

93
Q

MC salmonella strain in US

A

S. enteritidis

94
Q

MC Salmonella outside of US

A

S. dysentery

95
Q

MC Shigella in US

A

Shig Sonneii

96
Q

MC infectious Dz in the world
MC infectious Dz-related death in the world and hemolytic anemia in the world

97
Q

MCC painless genital ulcer (chancre)

98
Q

MCC Viral Encephalitis

A

Arbovirus Herpesvirus

99
Q

MCC Viral Meningitis

A

Enteroviruses

100
Q

MCC viral common cold

A

Rhino / Corona / Adenovirus /herpes/ influenza/ parainfluenza

101
Q

Common childhood infections

A

Mumps / Rubeola / Rubella / vZv/ Fifth dz/ roseola/ Rosacea/ kawasaki dz /
molluscum contageosum
Hand-foot-mouth dz / Pityriasis Rosea

102
Q

MCC bronchiolitis and croup

A
  1. Parainfluenza
  2. RSV

Adenovirus
influenza virus

103
Q

Itchiest Rashes

A

Urticaria, scabies/ Lichen planus
Dermatitis herpetiformis

104
Q

Childhood Rashes

A

Seborrhiec + Diaper Dermatitis
Erythema toxic + Milia
nevus Flameus
Cafe au lait
Portwine stain
Pediculosis pubis
mongolian spots (hyperpigmentation over gluteal)

105
Q

MC Viral myocarditis + pericarditis

A

COxackie B virus

106
Q

MC viral gastroenteritis

A

Adult: adenovirus?
Child: Rotavirus
Traveling: Norwalk

107
Q

MCC Viral cystitis

A

Adenovirus

108
Q

Sulfamethoxazole is Mcomly use with

A

Trimethoprim (TMP-SMX)

109
Q

MCC SBE (Subacute bacterial Endocarditis)

A

Strep Viridans (Mcomly mitral valve)

110
Q

MCC meningitis in 10-21yo

A

Neisseria Meningitidis

111
Q

MCOD osteomyelitis

A

Salmonella

112
Q

MCOD in second week after burn

A

pseudomonas

113
Q

MCOD in infection with Bordetellas pertussis

A

suffocation

114
Q

MC STI (90% asymptomatic) no visible on gram stain

A

chlamydia trachomatis

115
Q

MC infertility in women and Ectopic pregnancy from scarring

A

Chlamydia T

116
Q

MCC neonatal blindness in world

A

chlamydia trachomonas

117
Q

MCC lymphogranuloma venerum

A

Chlamydia trachomatis

118
Q

MCC atypical pneumonia from 0-2 months

A

Chlamydia pneumoniae

119
Q

MCC atypical pneumonia from 10-30yo

A

mycoplasma pneumoniae

120
Q

MCC atypical pneumonia >40

A

legionella pneumophila

121
Q

MCC congenital blindness

122
Q

Biopsy difference between HPV8 Kaposy Sarcoma and Bartollela Henselea found in HIV pt.

A

Basiliary Angiomatosis, violaceous, vascular clustered skin nodules.

B. Henselea: Nutrophilic infiltrate with granulomatous changes

Kaposy Sarcoma: Lymphocytic inflitrate with spindle cells

Step 1 Clues (27 decks)

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