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Step 1 Clues > Micro Drill sheet part 1 > Flashcards

Micro Drill sheet part 1 Flashcards

1
Q

5 bugs that causes heart block
LSD loves company

A

􏰀 Lyme Disease
􏰀 Salmonella
􏰀 Diphtheria
􏰀 Legionella
􏰀 Chagas

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2
Q

mcc Reiter’s Syndrome

A

Shigella
Chlamydia
IBD
Crohn’s
Yersinia

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3
Q

Low complement bugs: I AM HE

A

Influenza
Adenovirus
􏰀 Mycoplasma
􏰀 Hepatitis B & C
􏰀 EBV

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4
Q

Drug that induce SLE

A

Hydralazine
􏰀 INH
􏰀 Procainamide
􏰀 Penicillamine
􏰀 Phenytoin
􏰀 Ethosuximide

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5
Q

Blast Bone marrow

A

AZT
Benzene
Chloramphenicol
Vinblastine

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6
Q

Comma Shaped Bugs

A

Vibrio
Campylobacter
Listeria
H. pylori

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7
Q

Chinese Letters

A

Corynebacterium

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8
Q

􏰀 Giardia Lamblia described as

A

Crescent Shaped Protozoa

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9
Q

RIPES TB treatment

A

Rifampin
INH
Pyrazinamide
Ethambutol
Streptomycin

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10
Q

6 Low Complement Associated Nephrotic Syndromes

A

SLE
SBE: subacute Bact. Endocarditis
PSGN
MPGN II
Cryoglobulinemia
Serum Sickness

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11
Q

Induce P450
(ABC G PQRST)

A

Alcohol chronic
Barbiturates
Carbamazepine
Griseofulvin
Phenytoin
Quinidine
Rifampin
Spironolactone
Tetracycline

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12
Q

inhibit P450
(PICK EGS) ID SMACK Quine

A

Protease Inhibitors
INH , Dapsone
Cimetidine
Ketoconazole
Erythromycin (Macrolides)
Grapefruit juice
Sulfonamides
alcohol (acute)

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13
Q

P450 Dependent
(WEPTeD)

A

Warfarin
Estrogen
Phenytoin
Theophylline
Digoxin

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14
Q

SE of Statins

A

Myositis
Hepatitis

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15
Q

MOA of Statins

A

Inhibits HMG-CoA reductase

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16
Q

Painful Genital Lesions

A

Herpes
Chancroid (H.ducreyi)

Lymphogranuloma venereum
Painless lesion with pain lymph node after 2 weeks
Granuloma inguinale (klebsiella)

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17
Q

Hormones with Disulfide Bonds

A

Prolactin
Inhibin
GH
Insulin

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18
Q

Hookworms
(EAT SANd)

A

Enterobius Vermicularis
Ascaris Lumbriocoides
Trichuris Trichurium
Strongyloides
Ankylostoma Duodenale
Necatur Americanis

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19
Q

X-linked Enzyme Deficiencies
(Fabry and Lesch go Hunting for Candy, Gum, and Advil)

A

Fabry’s
Lesch-Nyhan
Hunter’s
CGD
G6PD
Adrenoleukodystrophy
Adenosine deaminase
OTC

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20
Q

Screen Newborns
(Please Check Before Going Home, TI)

A

PKU
CAH
Biotidinase
Galactosemia
Hypothyroidism
Transglutaminase
Immune reactive trypsin

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21
Q

Action of Steroids
(I KIISS)

A

Kill T-cells and eosinophil
Inhibit MØ migration
Inhibit Phospholipase A
Inhibit mast cell degranulation
Stabilize endothelium
Stimulate protein synthesis

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22
Q

Causes of Severe Monocytosis (STELS)

A

Salmonella
TB
EBV
Listeria
Syphilis

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23
Q

Macrolides

A

Azithromycin
Clarithromycin
Erythromycin

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24
Q

1 dose TX for Chlamydia

A

Doxycycline
Azithromycin for pregnancy

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24
Q

Anaerobes bacterial (big mama)

A

Strep. Bovis
Bacteroides fragilis
C. melanogospeticus
C. difficile
*If blood cultures show S. bovis or C. melanogo- septicus = rule out colon cancer.

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25
Q

anaerobes treatment

A

Metronidazole
Clindamycin
Cefoxitin

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26
Q

low volume state

A

low electrolytes
pH ^
BP^

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27
Q

1 dose TX for Gonorrhea

A

Ceftriaxone
Cefixime
Cefoxitin
Ciprofloxacin

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27
Q

Psammoma Bodies
(PSaMMoma)

A

Papillary CA of Thyroid
Serous Cystadenoma of
ovary
Meningioma
Mesothelioma

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28
Q

drugs that Cause Cardiac Fibrosis

A

Adriamycin
Phen-Fen
Doxyrubicin

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29
Q

Urease +ive Bacteria
(PPUNCHES)

A

Proteus
Pseudomonas
Ureaplasma urealyticum
Nocardia
Cryptococcus neoformans
H. pylori
S. saprophyticus

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30
Q

Drugs that Cause Pulmonary Fibrosis (BBATM)

A

Bleomycin
Busulfan
Amiodarone
Tocainide
Methotrexate

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31
Q

Male Cancers
Most prevalent

A
  1. Prostate
  2. Lung
  3. Colon
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32
Q

Male Most mortality (cancer)

A
  1. Lung
  2. Prostate
  3. Colon
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33
Q

Female Cancers
Most prevalent

A
  1. Breast 2. Lung 3. Colon
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34
Q

Salmonella Typhi sign and symptoms

A

High fever
Rose spots
Intestinal fire
Monocytosis
Heart block

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35
Q

Drugs cause Myositis
(RIPS)

A

Rifampin
INH
Prednisone
Statins

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35
Q

Encapsulated Bacteria
(SHiNKS PC)

A

􏰀 S. pneumonia (g+)
􏰀 H. influenza B
􏰀 Neisseria
􏰀 Klebsiella
􏰀 Salmonella
􏰀 Pseudomonas
􏰀 Citrobacter

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35
Q

What is the Encapsulated Yeast

A

􏰀 Cryptococcus

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36
Q

Jones Criteria for Acute rheumatic fever

A

(J❤️‍🔥NES)
Polyarthritis (joints)
Carditis ❤️‍🔥
Nodules (sub-q)
Erythema marginatum
Sydenham Chorea

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37
Q

IgA Nephropathies

A

Henoch-Schönlein Purpura (HSP)
Berger’s
Alport’s

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37
Q

Causes of Massive Eosinophilia
(NAACP)

A

Neoplasms
Allergies/Asthma
Addison’s
Collagen Vascular Disease
Parasites

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38
Q

What are the 9 Live Vaccines
BOYS MVP

A

􏰀 MMR
􏰀 Oral Polio
􏰀 Rotavirus
􏰀 Small Pox
􏰀 BCG
􏰀 Yellow Fever 􏰀 Varicella

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39
Q

Risk Factors for Primary Liver Cancer

A

􏰀 Hep B and C
􏰀 Aflatoxin
􏰀 Vinyl Chloride
􏰀 Alcohol
􏰀 Carbon Tetrachloride 􏰀 Aniline dyes
􏰀 Smoking
􏰀 Hemochromatosis
Benzene
􏰀 Schistosomiasis

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40
Q

drug related Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia (act as happen for RBC)
SAACPP

A

􏰀 PTU
􏰀 Cephalosporin
􏰀 a-methyldopa
􏰀 Sulfa drugs
􏰀 Anti-malarial
􏰀 Penicillin

40
Q

Autoimmune& cinchonism Thrombocytopenia

A

􏰀 Aspirin
􏰀 Heparin
􏰀 Quinidine

40
Q

Pansystolic Murmurs

A

􏰀 Mitral Regurg.
􏰀 Tricuspid Regurg.
􏰀 Ventricular Septal Defec

41
Q

Dihydrofolate Reductase Inhibitors

A

􏰀 Pyremethamine
􏰀 TMP
􏰀 Methotrexate

42
Q

Sulfa Containing Drugs

A

􏰀 Sulfonamides
􏰀 Sulfonylureas
􏰀 Celecoxib

43
Q

Silver Staining Bugs

A

􏰀 Legionella
􏰀 Pneumocystis
􏰀 H. pylori
􏰀 Bartonella henselae
􏰀 Candida

44
Q

Blood Gas w Restrictive Lung Disease

A

􏰀 Tachypnea
low pCO2
low pO2
^ pH

45
Q

Blood Gas w
Obstructive Lung Disease

A

^ or Normal pO2
^pCO2
low pH

46
Q

MI - Enzymes timeline

A

Troponin I - appears 2 hrs - peaks 2 days- gone 7 days

CKMB - appears 6 hrs - peaks 12 hrs - gone 2 days

LDH - appears 1 day-peaks 2 days-gone 3 days

47
Q

MC Neutrophil Deficiency

A

Chediak-Higashi
NADPH-oxidase def

48
Q

1Dose TX H. ducreyi

A

Azithromycin (30s)
Ceftriaxone (beta lactam)

49
Q

1 Dose TX Gardnerella

A

Metronidazole

50
Q

SE of Thiazides and Loop diuretics

A

Hyperglycemia
Hyperuricemia
Hypovolemia
Hypokalemia

51
Q

Monocytes in Various Tissues

A

Brain= Microglia
Lung = Type I Pneumo
Liver =. Kupffer
Spleen =RES cells
Kidney =Mesangial
LN =. Dendritic
Skin. = Langerhans
Bone =. Osteoclasts
CT. = Histiocytes
Giant cells
Epithelioid

52
Q

Rashes of Palm & Soles
(TRiCKSSS)

A

TSS (Toxic Shock)
Rocky Mt. Spotted Fever
Coxsackie A
Kawasaki
Scarlet Fever
Syphilis
Staph. Scalded Skin

53
Q

4 Sources of Renal Acid

A

Plasma (RTA)
Ammonia production in the collecting duct
10% of Urea Cycle
Glutaminase
Carbonic Anhydrase

54
Q

Hormones Produced by Small Cell CA of Lung

A

ACTH (MC)
ADH
PTH
TSH
ANP

55
Q

1 Dose TX Candidiasis

A

Ketoconazole

56
Q

1 Dose TX Vaginal Candidiasis

A

Diflucan

57
Q

1 Dose TX Trichomonas

A

Metronidazole

58
Q

TRAP Test +

A

Hairy cell leukemia
Fragile X
Paget’s disease

59
Q

Immunoprivileged Tissue

A

􏰀 Thymus
􏰀 Testes
􏰀 Brain
􏰀 Cancer

60
Q

TX S. aureus

A

􏰀 Nafcillin
􏰀 Oxacillin
􏰀 Cloxillin
􏰀 Dicloxacillin

61
Q

Causes of Death by Age

A

2-3: MVA
5-10: Pedestrian inj, sports injuries
10-19: MVA, homicides, suicide
20-44: AIDs
44-70: Heart dz, cancer, stroke
>71: Cancer, heart dz, stroke

62
Q

Rhabdomyolysis
Causes

A

Hypothyroidism
RIPS (drugs)
Cushing’s
Trichinella spiralis

63
Q

Viruses Related to Cancer

A

EBV Lymphoma
HVB Liver carcinoma
HVC Liver carcinoma
HIV Kaposi
HPV Cervical cancer

64
Q

NM Disease Concept

A

Restrictive Blood Gas
low pO2, low pCO2
^pH
^RR
^ Risk for Seizures
low Pulmonary Capillary wedge pressure

65
Q

PIE Syndrome

A

(Pulmonary Infiltrate
w Eosinophilia) NASSA
􏰀 Necator Americanus
􏰀 Ascaris Lumbricoides
􏰀 Schistosomiasis
􏰀 Strongyloides
􏰀 Ankylostoma

66
Q

Enzymes used by B12

A

􏰀 Methyl Malonyl CoA mutase
􏰀 Homocysteine methyl transferase

67
Q

Increased Susceptibility to Pseudomonas and S.aureus (ABCD)

A

􏰀 Absolute Neutropenia
􏰀 Burn patients
􏰀 Cystic Fibrosis
􏰀 Diabetes

68
Q

Crohn’s Disease findings

A

(“GIFTS”)
􏰀 Granuloma
􏰀 Ileum
􏰀 Fistula
􏰀 Transmural
􏰀 Skip Lesions

69
Q

Causes of Widened S2

A

􏰀 ^ pO2/Supplemental O2
􏰀 ^ volume Rt. Ventricle
􏰀 Blood transfusion
􏰀 Rt. sided heart failure
􏰀 Pregnancy
􏰀 I.V. Fluids
􏰀 ASD (fixed)
􏰀 Deep breathing

70
Q

Cavities of Blood Loss

A

􏰀 Intracranial
􏰀 Pericardium
􏰀 Mediastinum
􏰀 Pleural cavity
􏰀 Retroperitoneum 􏰀 Abdominal
􏰀 Pelvis
􏰀 Thighs

71
Q

How do you know it is Negative Stranded RNA virus
Timing

A

􏰀 1-3 weeks prodromal period before Si/Sx
􏰀 Must switch to positive stranded before it can replicate

72
Q

Positive Stranded RNA (incubation to sick)

A

􏰀 Symptoms occur within 1 week or less
􏰀 Don’t have to switch before replicating

􏰀 Exceptions: Hanta, Ebola, and Yellow Fever which are negative-stranded

72
Q

Cyanotic Heart Diseases
(5T HEAP)

A

Transposition of great arteries
Tetralogy of Fallot
Truncus Arteriosus
Tricuspid Atresia
Total Anomalous Pulmonary Venous return
Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome
􏰀 Ebstein’s Anomaly
􏰀 Aortic Atresia
􏰀 Pulmonic Atresia

73
Q

Less Likely to Depolarize

A

􏰀 Hypermagnesemia
􏰀 Hypercalcemia
􏰀 Hypokalemia

74
Q

Most Likely to Depolarize

A

􏰀 Hypomagnesemia
􏰀 Hypocalcemia
􏰀 Hyperkalemia

75
Q

Hormones produced by the Placenta

A

hCG
Inhibin
HPL
Progesterone
Estrogen

76
Q

Uses for Pilocarpine

A

Cystic Fibrosis
Closed-angle glaucoma

77
Q

Cause Dysguzia

A

Metronidazole
Clarithromycin
Zinc deficiency

78
Q

Carcinoid Triad

A

􏰀 Flushing
􏰀 Wheezing
􏰀 Diarrhea
Dx: measure 5-HIAA in the urine
Most common primary location = appendix
Most common metastatic location = pancreas, ileum

79
Q

AVMs
machinery murmur

A

Heart: PDA
Elbow: dialysis fistula
Brain: Von Hippel-Lindau
Lungs: Osler-Weber-Rendu

80
Q

Haemophilus Influenza

A

Pleomorphic
􏰀 “School of Fish”
􏰀 Type A: non-encapsulated,
non-invasive, MCC of
sinusitis, otitis, bronchitis 􏰀 Type B: encapsulated,
invasive, IgA protease, MCC of epiglottitis

81
Q

Rust Colored Sputum

A

􏰀 Strep. pneumo

82
Q

S. epidermidis

A

Most common infection of shunts and central lines

83
Q

Catalase positive Staph
(by pigment)

A

Aureus Gold
Epidermidis White
Saprophyticus. None

84
Q

Strep. pyogenes

A

MCC: all throat infections, lymphangitis, impetigo,
necrotizing fasciitis, erysipelas,
scarlet fever
􏰀 2nd MCC: all other skin
infections

85
Q

Neutrophil Deficiencies

A

􏰀 Job-Buckley Syn.
􏰀 NADPH Oxidase defic. 􏰀 Neutropenia
􏰀 Myeloperoxidase defic.

86
Q

Compartment Syndrome
Sign

A

􏰀 Pain (always first)
􏰀 Pallor
􏰀 Poikilothermia
􏰀 Paresthesia
􏰀 Pulselessness (always last)

87
Q

Itchiest Rashes

A

􏰀 Scabies
􏰀 Lichen planus
􏰀 Urticaria
􏰀 Dermatitis herpetiformis

88
Q

Oddities about Listeria

A

􏰀 Only gram Positive w/ endotoxin
􏰀 Crosses placenta
􏰀 Lipid A is toxic Part
􏰀 Causes granulomas
􏰀 Causes sepsis in neonates
􏰀 Raw cabbage, spoiled milk

89
Q

Oddities about Listeria

A

􏰀 Only gram Positive w/ endotoxin
􏰀 Crosses placenta
􏰀 Lipid A is toxic Part
􏰀 Causes granulomas
􏰀 Causes sepsis in neonates
􏰀 Raw cabbage, spoiled milk

90
Q

Abnormal Class Switching

A

􏰀 Defective class switch.
􏰀 IL-4 deficiency
􏰀 CD40L deficiency
􏰀 Tyrosine kinase def.

91
Q

Abnormal Class Switching

A

􏰀 Defective class switch.
􏰀 IL-4 deficiency
􏰀 CD40L deficiency
􏰀 Tyrosine kinase def.

92
Q

B Vitamins deficiency

A

B1 - Thiamine
􏰀 Beriberi
􏰀 Wernicke’s
􏰀 Korsakoff

B2 - Riboflavin
Angular stomatitis
B3 - Niacin
􏰀 Pellagra

􏰀 4 d’s
B4 - Lipoic acid
B5 - Pantothenic acid
B6 - Pyridoxine
􏰀 Seizures

B9 - Folate
Bl2 - Cobalamine
􏰀 Pernicious anemia
􏰀 Neuropathy

93
Q

Antiseizure medications MOA

A

block Sodium or calcium

94
Q

Generalize seizures in adults

A

phenytoin

95
Q

Gen. seizures in children

A

Phenobarbital

96
Q

Absences seizure

A

Ethosuximide

97
Q

Mixed or myotonic seizures

A

valproic acid

98
Q

temporal lobe seizures

A

Carbamazepine

99
Q

Febrile seizure

A

Acetaminophen

100
Q

Infantile spasm

A

ACTH injections

101
Q

Status Epilepticus

A

Diazepam
Lorazepam

102
Q

Anti-arrhymics blocks ______
Ventricular
Arial

A

Sodium

Calcium

103
Q

Only two membranes the use Ca++ in phase 0 depolarization

A

Atrial and Thalamus

Step 1 Clues (27 decks)

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