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Step 1 Clues > micro Drill sheet part 2 > Flashcards

micro Drill sheet part 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Periods of rapid growth

A

􏰀 Birth - 2months
􏰀 4 - 7 years
􏰀 Puberty
Pregnancy
healing
cancer

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2
Q

Only immune deficiency with Low Calcium

A

DiGeorge’s Syndrome

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3
Q

Bugs with IgA Protease

A

􏰀 S. Pneumonia
􏰀 H. Influenza
􏰀 Neisseria (are resistant
to IgA)

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4
Q

Secretions of Mast Cells

A

􏰀 Histamine
􏰀 Slow Reacting Substance
of Anaphylaxis
􏰀 Eosinophil Chemotactic
Factor of Anaphylaxis

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5
Q

Secretions of Eosinophil

A

􏰀 Histaminase
􏰀 Arylsulfatase
􏰀 Heparin

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6
Q

Actions of E. coli

A

􏰀 Secrete Vitamin K
􏰀 Secrete Biotin
􏰀 Secrete Folate
􏰀 Secrete Pantothenic acid
􏰀 Aid in absorption of B12

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7
Q

Heart Block

A

􏰀 Increased body temperature with a normal heart rate.
􏰀 HR should increase by 10bpm per 1 degree increase in temperature

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8
Q

Macrophages

A

Release MHC II

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9
Q

TH1 Secrete

A

􏰀 IL-2
􏰀 IF-􏱼

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10
Q

TH2 Secrete

A

􏰀 IL-4
􏰀 IL-5
􏰀 IL-6
􏰀 IL-10

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11
Q

T-Cytotoxic Cells

A

􏰀 CD-8 positive
􏰀 CD-4 negative
􏰀 Recognize MHC I
􏰀 Also have markers
CD-2 and CD-3

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12
Q

T-Helper Cells

A

􏰀 CD-4 positive
􏰀 CD-8 negative
􏰀 Recognize MHC II
􏰀 Also have marker CD-2
and CD-3

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13
Q

Elevated Cholesterol

A

􏰀 Xanthomas on extensor surfaces
􏰀 ^ Risk for CAD

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14
Q

Elevated Triglycerides

A

􏰀 Xanthelasmas on eyelids and face
􏰀 ^ risk of Pancreatitis

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15
Q

4 Causes of Severe
Abdominal Pain

A

􏰀 Pancreatitis (EtOH)
􏰀 Kidney Stones (bloody urine)
􏰀 AAA (ripping, tearing pain)
􏰀 Ischemic Bowel (bloody diarrhea)

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16
Q

5 Causes of SIADH
(SIADH)

A

􏰀 Small Cell Carcinoma
􏰀 ^ intracranial pressure
􏰀 A Pain
􏰀 Drugs
􏰀 Hypoxia

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17
Q

Neural Crest Cells
(POT CLAMPSS)

A

􏰀 Parafollicular cells
􏰀 Odontoblast
􏰀 Tracheal cartilage
􏰀 Chromaffin cells
􏰀 Laryngeal cartilage
􏰀 All Ganglion cells
􏰀 Melanocytes
􏰀 Pseudounipolar cells
􏰀 Spiral membrane
􏰀 Schwann cells

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18
Q

Ions and the EKG

A

􏰀 P-wave = Ca++
􏰀 QRS complex = Na+
􏰀 S-T Interval = Ca++
􏰀 T-wave = K+
􏰀 U-wave = Na+

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19
Q

Maximum Sinus Rate

A

220 - age in years

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20
Q

Tri-Nucleotide Repeats

A

Huntington’s
Fragile X
􏰀 Myotonic dystrophy
􏰀 Spinal/bulbar muscular
atrophy (rare)

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21
Q

Low volume states with acidosis (not alkalosis)

A

􏰀 RTA
􏰀 Diarrhea

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22
Q

MCC Croup & Bronchiolitis

A

􏰀 Parainfluenza
􏰀 RSV (ER this is #1)
􏰀 Adenovirus
􏰀 Influenza

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23
Q

4 D’s of Pellagra

A

􏰀 Dermatitis
􏰀 Diarrhea
􏰀 Dementia
􏰀 Death

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24
Q

Types of Kidney Stones

A

􏰀 Calcium oxalate
􏱷 80%
􏰀 Struvite
􏰀 Uric Acid
􏰀 Cysteine
􏰀 Oxalate

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25
Q

Types of Kidney Stones

A

􏰀 Calcium oxalate
􏱷 80%
􏰀 Struvite
􏰀 Uric Acid
􏰀 Cysteine
􏰀 Oxalate

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26
Q

Pseudogout

A

􏰀 Ca++ pyrophosphate
􏰀 Birefringent crystals
􏰀 Rhomboid crystals
􏰀 MC older patients
􏰀 Seen equally in both genders
􏰀 TX = Colchicine

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27
Q

Pseudogout

A

􏰀 Ca++ pyrophosphate
􏰀 Birefringent crystals
􏰀 Rhomboid crystals
􏰀 MC older patients
􏰀 Seen equally in both genders
􏰀 TX = Colchicine

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28
Q

MC Non-cyanotic Congenital Heart Dz

A

􏰀 VSD
􏰀 ASD
􏰀 PDA
􏰀 Coarctation of aorta

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29
Q

Enzymes NEVER seen in Glycolysis

A

􏰀 Pyruvate carboxylase 􏰀 PEP carboxykinase
􏰀 Fructose-1,6-phosphatase 􏰀 Glucose-6-phosphatase

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30
Q

Enzymes NEVER seen in Glycolysis

A

􏰀 Pyruvate carboxylase
􏰀 PEP carboxykinase
􏰀 Fructose-1,6-phosphatase
􏰀 Glucose-6-phosphatase

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31
Q

Enzymes ONLY seen in Glycolysis

A

􏰀 Hexokinase
􏰀 Phosphofructokinase-1
􏰀 Pyruvate kinase

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32
Q

Acid Fast Organisms

A

􏰀 Mycoplasma
􏰀 Nocardia (partially gr+)
􏰀 Cryptosporidium (Partially
protozoa)

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33
Q

Causes of Microsteatosis

A

􏰀 Acetaminophen
􏰀 Reye Syndrome
􏰀 Pregnancy

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34
Q

Causes of Macrosteatosis

A

􏰀 Alcohol

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35
Q

Bacteria with Elastase

A

􏰀 Staph. aureus
􏰀 Pseudomonas

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36
Q

Bacteria with toxins that inhibit EF-2

A

􏰀 Pseudomonas
􏰀 Diphtheria

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37
Q

Phage Mediated Toxins
(Oh BED)

A

􏰀 “O” antigen (Salmonella)
􏰀 Botulinum
􏰀 Erythrogenic toxin
􏰀 Diphtheria

38
Q

Segmented Viruses
(I sprayed ORTHO on BUNYA at the ARENA down in REO to kill SEGMENTED viruses)

A

􏰀 Orthovirdiae
􏰀 Bunyavirdiae
􏰀 Arenavirdiae
􏰀 Reovirdiae

39
Q

Functions of Adhesion Molecules

A

􏰀 Lymphocyte homing
􏰀 Inflammation
􏰀 Cell-cell interaction

40
Q

Functions of Adhesion Molecules

A

􏰀 Lymphocyte homing
􏰀 Inflammation
􏰀 Cell-cell interaction

41
Q

Esophageal/Gastric CA Risk Factors

A

􏰀 Smoking
􏰀 Alcohol
􏰀 Nitrates
􏰀 Japanese

42
Q

Bladder CA Risk Factors

A

􏰀 Smoking
􏰀 Aniline dyes
􏰀 Benzene
􏰀 Aflatoxin
􏰀 Cyclophosphamide
Schistosomiasis
􏰀 Von Hippel-Lindau
􏰀 Tuberous Sclerosis

43
Q

Structures with No Known Function

A

􏰀 Epithalamus
􏰀 Palmaris longus
􏰀 Pancreatic Polypeptide

44
Q

Progressing to RPGN

A

􏰀 Goodpasture’s (#1)
􏰀 Diabetes Mellitus
􏰀 Hypertension
􏰀 Wegener’s

45
Q

Causes of Papillary Necrosis

A

􏰀 Vasculitis
􏰀 AIDS

46
Q

Gram Positive Spore Formers

A

􏰀 Bacillus anthracis
􏰀 Clostridium perfrigens
􏰀 Clostridium tetani

47
Q

Used for Cold Agglutinin Testing

A

􏰀 Strep. salivarius

48
Q

Drugs that Cause Disulfram Reaction (CLAM)

A

􏰀 Chlorpropamide
􏰀 Lactams
􏰀 Antabuse
􏰀 Metronidazole
sulfa

49
Q

3 Toxins of Bacillus

A

􏰀 Lethal factor
􏰀 Protective factor
􏰀 Edema factor

50
Q

Beta Blockers

A

􏰀 beta 1 Selective: A-M (except C & L)
􏰀 Nonselective: N-Z, C, L

51
Q

Fanconi Syndrome

A

􏰀 Defect in proximal tubule
􏰀 Can’t reabsorb
􏰀 Low energy state
􏰀 Can be caused by old tetracycline

52
Q

Glutaminase

A

􏰀 In collecting duct
􏰀 Absorbs ammonia in the liver
Cause of hepato-renal syndrome

53
Q

3 Anatomical Narrowings of Ureter

A

􏰀 Hilum
􏰀 Pelvic Brim
􏰀 Entrance of bladder

54
Q

Odd MCC of Death

A

SLE, endometrial and cervical cancer
􏱷 renal failure

55
Q

Methotrexate Uses

A

􏰀 DX Fragile X
􏰀 TX Molar Pregnancy
􏰀 TX Fast growing CA
􏰀 TX Steroid resistant disease

56
Q

Group D Streptococcus

A

􏰀 Viridans
􏱷 green pigment, SBE
􏰀 Mutans
􏱷 Cavities
􏰀 Sanguis
􏰀 Salivaris
􏰀 Bovis

57
Q

Nephritic Syndrome

A

􏰀 Hypertension
􏰀 Hematuria
􏰀 RBC casts

58
Q

Nephrotic Syndrome

A

􏰀 Edema
􏰀 Hyperlipidemia
􏰀 Hypercholesterolemia 􏰀 Hypercoagulability
􏰀 ^ serum albumin
􏰀 ^urine albumin

59
Q

MCC of Airway Infection
(Sinusitis, otitis, bronchitis, pneumonia)

A

1 􏱷 S. pneumonia

#2 􏱷 H. influenza
#3 􏱷 N. meningitides

60
Q

Gastroenteritis within 8 hours of eating
(Pre-formed toxin)

A

􏰀 S. aureus (potato salads)
􏰀 C. perfringens (holidayturkey/ham)
􏰀 B. cereus (fried rice)

61
Q

Citrobacter

A

Cause of multiple cerebral abscesses in newborns

62
Q

MCC of UTI

A

1 E. coli

#2 Proteus
#3 Klebsiella

63
Q

Most Frequent in Females 5-10 yrs and 18-24 yrs

A

S. saprophyticus b/c they stick things inside themselves

64
Q

S. aureus

A

􏰀 MCC of osteomyelitis 􏰀 MCC of infection in
burn patients

65
Q

MCC of Newborn Meningitis

A

􏰀 Group B Strep
􏰀 E. coli
􏰀 Listeria

66
Q

Bacteria Associated with Colon Cancer

A

􏰀 C. melanogosepticus
􏰀 S. bovis

67
Q

Gram 􏱷 that are strict anaerobes

A

􏰀 H. flu
􏰀 Neisseria

68
Q

Pre-renal Failure

A

􏰀 Serum BUN > 20
􏰀 Serum Cr > 40
􏰀 Fractional Na exc. < 1%

69
Q

Renal Failure

A

􏰀 Serum BUN
􏱷10 to15
􏰀 Serum Cr < 20
􏰀 Fractional Na exc. > 2%

70
Q

Extravasation

A

􏰀 Pavementing
􏰀 Margination
􏰀 Diapedesis
􏰀 Migration

71
Q

If Cell Mediated is defective - TX for

A

􏰀 Viral
􏰀 Fungal
􏰀 Mycobacterium 􏰀 Protozoa
􏰀 Parasite
􏰀 Neoplasm

72
Q

Herpes Viruses

A

􏰀 HHV1 - oral
􏰀 HHV 2 - genital
􏰀 HHV3 - VZV
􏰀 HHV4 - EBV
􏰀 HHV5 - CMV
􏰀 HHV 6 - Roseola
􏰀 HHV 7 - Pityriasis rosea
􏰀 HHV 8 - Kaposi’s

73
Q

Disease Picked up During Delivery

A

􏰀 Group B strep
􏰀 S. pneumonia
􏰀 Herpes
􏰀 N. gonorrhea
􏰀 Chlamydia

74
Q

TORCHHeS

A

􏰀 Toxoplasma
􏰀 parvOvirus B19
􏰀 Rubella
􏰀 CMV
􏰀 Herpes simplex
􏰀 HIV
􏰀 Syphilis

75
Q

Neonatal Toxoplasma

A

􏰀 Chorioretinitis
􏰀 Hydrocephalus
􏰀 Intracran calcifications

76
Q

Neonatal PVB19

A

􏰀 Hydrops fetalis

77
Q

Neonatal Rubella

A

􏰀 PDA
􏰀 Cataracts
􏰀 Deafness
􏰀 Blueberry muffin rash

78
Q

Neonatal CMV

A

􏰀 Unilat. Hearing loss 􏰀 Seizures
􏰀 Petechiae

79
Q

Neonatal Herpes

A

􏰀 Temp encephalitis 􏰀 Vesicles

80
Q

Neonatal HIV

A

􏰀 Recurrent infections 􏰀 Chronic diarrhea

81
Q

Neonatal Syphilis

A

􏰀 Saddle nose
􏰀 Saber shins
􏰀 Hydrops fetalis
􏰀 Notched teeth
􏰀 Short maxilla

82
Q

Most cancer mortality in male

A
  1. Lung
  2. Prostate
  3. Colon
83
Q

Male Cancers
Most prevalent

A
  1. Prostate
  2. Lung
  3. Colon
84
Q

Female Cancers
Most prevalent

A
  1. Breast
  2. Lung
  3. Colon
85
Q

Most mortality

A
  1. Lung
  2. Breast
  3. Colon
86
Q

Gynecologic Cancers
Most prevalent

A
  1. Endometrial
  2. Ovarian
  3. Cervical
87
Q

Most mortality

A
  1. Ovarian
  2. Endometrial
  3. Cervical
88
Q

Most mortality

A
  1. Ovarian
  2. Endometrial
  3. Cervical
89
Q

Cephalosporins that block Vitamin K

A

􏰀 Cefotetan
􏰀 Cefamandole
􏰀 Cefoperazone
􏰀 Moxalactam

90
Q

Common bile duct stone

A

􏰀 Pancreatitis
􏰀 Alkaline phosphatase
􏰀 High white count

91
Q

TX for Gout. 􏰀 Most effective

A

􏱷 Colchicine
1st line - Indomethacin
3rd line - Steroid (joint)

92
Q

TX for Neuropathy

A

􏰀 Amitriptyline
􏰀 Gabapentin (heart dz)
􏰀 Carbamazepine (shooting
pain)

Step 1 Clues (27 decks)

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