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Social Psychology > Personality_Dispositional Domain > Flashcards

Personality_Dispositional Domain Flashcards

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1
Q

2 Ways of Trait Study

A
  1. Traits are the cause of behavior
  2. Descriptive summary of individuals’ habits
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2
Q

Traits Identification: 3 Approaches

A
  1. Lexical Approach
  2. Statistical Approach
  3. Theoretical Approach
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3
Q

Lexical Approach

A

Individual differences manifest in vocabularies in each culture

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4
Q

Statistical Approach

A
  • Organize the groups of vocabularies/items
  • Factor analysis: EFA/CFA
  • Factor loading (how much variation of the item could be explained by the factor)
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5
Q

Theoretical Approach

A

E.g. Sociosexual orientation

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6
Q

Taxonomies of Personality

A
  1. Eysenck’s Hierarchical Model of Personality
  2. Cattell’s Taxonomy: The 16 Personality Factor System
  3. Circumplex Taxonomies of Personality:
  4. The Wiggins Circumplex
  5. Five-Factor Model: starting from lexical approach
  6. HEXACO
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7
Q

Eysenck’s Hierarchical Model of
Personality

A
  1. Extraversion-Introversion (E)
  2. Neuroticism-Emotional Stability (N)
  3. Psychoticism (P)
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8
Q

Hierarchical Structure of Eysenck’s System

A
  1. Super traits (P, E, N) at the top
  2. Narrower traits at the second level
  3. Habitual acts: Subsumed by each
    narrower trait is the third level
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9
Q

Wiggins Circumplex

A

Interpersonal interaction / social
exchange
- Love/warmth
- Status/dominance

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10
Q

Five-Factor Model

A
  1. Extraversion
  2. Agreeableness
  3. Conscientiousness
  4. Neuroticism
  5. Openness/Intellect
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11
Q

Extraversion

A
  • Warmth
  • Gregariousness
  • Assertiveness
  • Activity
  • Excitement-seeking
  • Positive Emotions
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12
Q

Neuroticism

A
  • Anxiety
  • Angry hostility
  • Self-consciousness
  • Impulsiveness
  • Depression
  • Vulnerability
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13
Q

Agreeableness

A
  • Trust
  • Straightforwardness
  • Altruism
  • Compliance
  • Modesty
  • Tender-Mindedness
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14
Q

Conscientiousness

A
  • Competence
  • Order
  • Dutifulness
  • Achievement Striving
  • Self-Discipline
  • Deliberation
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15
Q

Openness-to-Experience

A
  • Fantasy
  • Aesthetics
  • Feelings
  • Actions
  • Ideas
  • Values
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16
Q

Other Traits

A
  • Masculinity/femininity
  • Religiosity or spirituality
  • Attractiveness
  • Sexuality
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17
Q

Big 5 & Good Grades

A
  • High conscientiousness
  • High emotional stability
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18
Q

Big 5 & Risky Sexual Behaviors

A
  • High neuroticism
  • Low conscientiousness
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19
Q

Big 5 & Alcohol consumption

A
  • High extraversion
  • Low conscientiousness
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20
Q

Big 5 & Mount Everest Mountain Climbers

A

-High extraversion
-High emotional stability
-High psychoticism

21
Q

Big 5 & Happiness and Experiencing Positive Affect in Everyday Life

A

-High extraversion
-Low neuroticism

22
Q

Big 5 & Leadership Effectiveness in Business Settings

A
  • High extraversion
  • High agreeableness
  • High conscientiousness
  • High emotional stability
23
Q

Personality Change Over Time

A
  1. Personality Development
  2. Stability
  3. Change
  4. Coherence
24
Q

Personality Development

A

Continuities, consistencies, stabilities in people over time, and the ways in which people change over time

25
Q

3 Key Forms of Stability

A
  1. Rank order stability
  2. Mean level stability
  3. Personality coherence
26
Q

Rank Order Stability

A

Maintenance of an individual position’s within group

27
Q

Mean Level Stability

A

Constancy of level in population

28
Q

Personality Coherence

A

Maintaining rank order relative to others but changing in the manifestations of trait

29
Q

Personality Stability Over Time

A
  • Average correlations across traits, scales, and time intervals is about +.65
30
Q

Consistency over time

A
  1. Personality rooted in biological basis is difficult to change
    - E.g. extraversion, sensation seeking, activity level, shyness
  2. Attitudes, interests, opinion could
    be changed more easily
31
Q

Personality Stability Over Time: Big 5

A
  • Consistent mean level stability over time esp. after 50 years old
  • Small but consistent changes
  • Openness, extraversion, and neuroticism decline until 50
  • Conscientiousness and agreeableness gradually increase over time
32
Q

Personality Change: Self-esteem

A

Changes in Self-Esteem from
Adolescence to Adulthood
- Transition from early adolescence to early adulthood appears to be harder on women than on men, in terms of the criterion of self-esteem

33
Q

Self-esteem Variability

A
  • Magnitude of short-term changes in ongoing self-esteem
  • An indicator of vulnerability to stressful life events
34
Q

Personality Change: Flexibility & Impulsivity

A

When the age increases, impulsivity and flexibility decrease
- More fixed in ways

35
Q

Personality Change: Ambition

A

In 20s, Ambition is highly decreased in first 8 years
- Continue to decrease in 12 years later
- See the world as it is

36
Q

Personality Change: Autonomy, Dominance, Leadership, & Achievement

A

Increase over time

37
Q

Sensation Seeking

A
  1. Thrill and adventure seeking
  2. Experience seeking
  3. Disinhibition
  4. Boredom susceptibility
38
Q

Personality Change: Sensation Seeking

A
  • Increases with age from childhood to adolescence
  • Peaks in late adolescence, around ages 18–20
  • Falls more or less continuously with age after the 20s
39
Q

Personality Change: Femininity

A

Consistent drop in femininity from the early 40s to early 50s
- Menopause or estrogen decrease

40
Q

Personality Change: Competence

A

Women: A sharp increase whether with or without children
Men: Constant

41
Q

Cohort Effects

A

Personality change over time due to different periods of time that individuals exist

42
Q

Personality Coherence Over Time

A

Changes in manifestation of the personality over time
- However, the trait inside is still
the same e.g. aggressiveness trait

43
Q

3 Traits Predict Marital Dissatisfaction & Divorce

A
  1. Husband’s neuroticism
  2. Husband’s impulsivity
  3. Wife’s Neuroticism
44
Q

Alcoholism & Emotional Disturbance

A

Males with high neuroticism

45
Q

Dropping Out

A

High impulsivity

46
Q

Prediction of Personality Change

A

Marriage
- HIGHLY SIMILAR -> personality stability
- LEAST SIMILAR -> personality change

47
Q

Myers-Briggs Type Indicator

A
  1. Extraversion-Introversion
  2. Sensing-Intuition
  3. Thinking-Feeling
  4. Judging-Perceiving
48
Q

DISC

A
  • People-Task Orientation
  • Outgoing-Reserved
    1. Dominance
    2. Influence
    3. Steadiness
    4. Conscientiousness

Social Psychology (19 decks)

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