Personality Disorders Flashcards
What is personality?
a cluster of relatively predictable patterns of thinking, feeling and behaving that is generally consistent across time, space and context
What are the five factors of personality?
neuroticism; openness; conscioutiousness; extraversion and agreeableness (OCEAN)
What is neuroticism?
worry,anxiety
what is a personality disorder?
an enduring pattern of inner experience and behaviour that deviates markedly from the expectations of the individuals culture and is inflexible and pervasive leading to signif distress/ impairment; early onset
What areas must persaonlity disorder be manifested in at least 2 of?
cognition; affectivity; interpersonal functioning; impulse control
What is anakastic personality disorder?
obsessional; feelings of excessive oubt and catuion; preoccupation with details, rules etc; perfectionism that interferes with task completetion; extreme conscientousness; preccupation with productivity; rigidity and stubbornness; unreasonable insistence that otehrs submit to their way of doing things
What are episodic behaviours more likely to be related to?
affective disorder
What is the difference between a persoanlity trait and a disorder?
only disorder if it is pervasive and causes distress and /or impairment of functioning in most areas
What is the prevalence of persoanlity disorder?
10%
What is the difference between OCD and anankastic personality disorder?
in PD they agree with themselves, what they do is correct and not excessive whereas in OCD patient recognises it as unnecessary
What is the proportion of psych outpatient with a persoanlity disorder?
1in 3
What is hte proportion of psych inpatient with a personality disorder?
1 in 2
What are cluster A personality disorders? o
odd and eccentric
What is paranoid PD
a pervasive distrust and suspeiciousness of others such taht their motives are interpreted as malevolent, beginnning by early adulthood and present in a variety of context
What are the speicifc features of paranoic PD?
1-suspects without basis that others are exploiting, harming or deceiving them; 2-preoccupied about loyalty or trustworthiness of friends; 3- reluctant to confide in others in case info used malciously; 4-reads hidden demenaing/threatening meaning into beningn remarks/events; presistently bears grudges; perceives attacks on character and reacts quickyl with anger; recurrent suspciousn reagrding fidelity of partner
What is schizoid PD?
pervasive pattern of detachment from social relationships and a restricted range of expression of emotions in interpersonal settings, beginning by early adulthood and present in a variety of contexts
What are the features of schizoid PD?
neither desires or enjoys close realtionships, including being part of a familty; almost always chosses solitary activites; little sexual interest; takes pleasure in few activities; lacks close friends or confideants; appears indifferent to praise or criticism of others; emotional coldness, detachment or flattened affectivity
What are the types cluster A PD?
schizoid ; paranoid
What are the cluster B PD?
dramatic and emotional
What is antisocial PD?
pervasive pattern of disregard for and violation of the rights of others, occuring since age 15 years
What are the features of antisocial PD?>
failures ot conform to social norms with respect olawful behaviours; deceitfulness- repeated lying, aliases or conning for profit/pleasure; impulsivity or failures to plan agead; irritability and aggressivenss; reckless disregard for safety of self or tohers; consistent ireesponsibility; lack of remorse
What is borderlines PD?
pervasive pattern of instability of interpersonal relationships;; self-image and affects, and marked impulsivity beginning by early adulthood
What are the features of borderline PD?
frantic efforts to avoid abandonment; pattern of unstable and intense interpersonal relationships; markedyl unstable self-image or selnse of self; impuslivity in 2 self-damaging areas; recurrent suicidal behaviour; gestures or threats or self-harm; affective instability due to marked reactivity of mood; chronic feelings of emptines; difficulty controlling anger; stress-realted paranoid ideation or sever dissociative symptoms
What is histrionic PD?
pervasive pattenr of excessive emotionality and attention seeking beginnning by early adulthood
What are the features of histrionic PD?
uncomfortable in situations where not centre of attetnion; interaction with others is usualy inappropriate sexually seductive or provocative behviour; rapidly shifting and shallow expression of emotions; consistently uses physical appearnace to draw attetnion; speech style is lacking in detail and impresssionistic; self-dramatization; suggestible; considers relationships to be more intimate than they arw
What are the types of Cluster B PDs?
borderline PD; histrionic PD; antisocial PD
What are cluster C PDs?
anxious and avoidant
What is avoidant PD?
pervasive pattern of social inihibition; feelings of inadequacy and hyperesneitivity to negative eval
What are the features of avoidant PD?
avoids occupational activities involving interpersonal contact; unwilling to get involved with people unless certain of being liked; restraint in intimate relationships; preoccupied with being criticed or rejected; inhibited in new interpersonal sitations due to feelings of inadequcy; self is socially inept or inferior; relucatant to take presonal risks
What is dependent PD?
pervasive and excessive need to be taken care of that leads to submissive and cliniging behvaiour nad fears of sepration
What are the features of dependet PD?
difficulty making everyday deicisons without advice and reassurance; needs others to assume responsibility to most areas; difficulty expressing disagreement; initiating projects difficult on own; excessive lenghts t obstain nurtrance and support from others; feels helplesss or uncomfortable when alone; seeks another relationship urgently if one ends; preoccupied with fears of being left to ake care of self
What is obsessive compulsive PD also known as?
anankastic PD
What is the difference between antisocial PD and psychopathy?
antisocial PD is largely based on behaviour, whilst psychopathy describes a set of deficits in emotional and cognitive functioning
What is the treatment for avoidant PD?
social skills training; sntidepressants
What si the treatment for borderline PD
dialectical behavioural therapy; mentalisation
What drugs may be effective for comorbid atypical depression and bordeline PD?
MAOIs
