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Psychiatry > Arrested Intellectual Development > Flashcards

Arrested Intellectual Development Flashcards

1
Q

What is learning disability?

A

arrested or incomplete development of the mind; esp. in impairment of skills manifested during the developmental period

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2
Q

What are the criteria for diagnosing learning disability?

A

IQ<70; developmental aetiology <18 years and deficits in adaptive function

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3
Q

What is the most commonly used psychometric assesment of IQ?

A

Wechsler Adult intelligence scale

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4
Q

What is mild LD defined as in IQ?

A

50-69

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5
Q

What is moderate LD defined as in IQ?

A

35-49

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6
Q

What is severe LD defined as in IQ?

A

20-34

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7
Q

What is profound LD defined as?

A

IQ <20

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8
Q

What are the antenatal factors in developing LD?

A

maternal infections; poor diet and substance abuse

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9
Q

What are the birth factors in developing LD?

A

extreme prematurity; birth injury and cerebral anoxia

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10
Q

What are the postnatal factors in developing LD?

A

metabolic; hypoglycaemia; high bilirubin

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11
Q

What are the genetics of Patau syndrome?

A

trisomy 13

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12
Q

What are the genetics of Edwards syndrome?

A

trisomy 18

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13
Q

What are the CVS defects seen with Down’s syndrome?

A

atrial or ventricular septal defects; mitral valve disease; patent ductus arteriosus

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14
Q

What are the common endocrine abnormalities in Down’s syndrome?

A

hypothyroid (20%); diabetes; overweigt

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15
Q

What is the striking feature of Prader-Willi sydrome?

A

hyperphagia with associated compulsive food seeking and marked obesity

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16
Q

What are hte common GI abnormalities seen in Down’s syndrome?

A

oesophageal atresia; hirschprung disease; umbilical and inguinal hernia

17
Q

What are hte features of Angelman syndrome?

A

ataxia; epilepsy; paroxysms of laughter; absence of speech; severe/profounf LD; blonde hair/blue eyes

18
Q

What is the otehr name for DiGeorge syndrome?

A

velo-cardio-facial syndrome

19
Q

What are the features of DiGeorge syndrome?

A 
Cardiac 
Abnormal facies
Thymus hypoplasia
Cleft palate
Hypocalcaemia
22-chromosome
20
Q

What psychiatric condition are DiGeorge patients more likely to get?

A

schizophrenia

21
Q

What is cri-du-chat syndrome characterised by?

A

cat-like cry (abnormal larygneal development); microcephaly; LD

22
Q

What is the cause of fragile X syndrome?

A

faulty FMR1 gene; X-linked dominant transmission

23
Q

What are the features of fragile X?

A 
6M
Mental retardation
Macro-jaw
Macrotia
Macro-orchidism
Mutation in FMR1 
Mitral valve abnomalites
24
Q

How is phenylketonuria diagnosed?

A

Guthrie test postnatally

25
Q

How are psychiatric disorders linked with LD?

A

3 times more common in PWLD

26
Q

Why are psych disorders more common in PWLD?

A

organic vulnerability-brain damage; social deprivation/disadvantage; life events; psychological

27
Q

Why are psych problems in LD underdiagnosed?

A

intellect- labelling emotions and experiences; diagnostic overshadowing; complicance and eager to please (talked out of symptoms)

28
Q

How are psychotic symptoms affected in LD?

A

symptoms reflect developmental level and may lack in detail with LD

29
Q

What are the causes of behavioural changes/challenging behaviour in LD?

A

physical- pain (ear,teeth)
epilepsy; constipation
environmental-abuse; deaths; changes
mental-depression or psychosis

30
Q

What is a problem in prescribing in PWLD?

A

can have increased sensitivity to side effects and increased treatment resistence

31
Q

How does depression present differently in PWLD than the general population?

A

reduced verbal expression of unhappiness and guilt- more biological symptoms

32
Q

What are the triad of symptoms seen in ASD?

A

abnormal social interaction; communication impariment; rigid/restricted or repetitive behaviour, interests and activities

Psychiatry (20 decks)

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