Personality

Question 1

Personality

Answer 1

Is a unique psychological make up

Question 2

Trait theory: definition, characteristics and example

Answer 2

A theory which suggests that innate characteristics produce consistent behaviour
-born with them
-stable, consistent, enduring
-personality can change with situations, we can develop our personality’s with experience
-however can behaviour always be predicted?
Eg. Young performers tend to be rash and W reckless but older/experienced players are calm and focused

Question 3

Social learning approach: definition, characteristics

Answer 3

Theory suggests that behaviour is learned from significant others by socialisation
-behaviour is learnt from significant others by socialisation
-learn from who we hold in high esteem eg. Role models, friends, parents
-we copy when it is reinforced (especially positively)
Observe-Identify-Reinforced-Copy
Eg. People copying Ronaldo’s celebration

Question 4

Socialisation

Answer 4

Developing personality traits by associating and learning from others.
-2 types:
Primary- family
Secondary- schools, media etc

Question 5

The Interactionist Perspective: definition, characteristics

Answer 5

A theory which combines trait and social learning to predict behaviour in a specific situation

• attempts to explain how performers can be influenced by genetic and environmental influences
• combines social learning and trait
• born traits are adapted according to a specific situation

Question 6

The Hollander Approach and example in football

Answer 6

1. The core of the performer- values and beliefs of the individual. Eg. Hard working competitor
2. Typical responses- the use of inherent traits displayed to specific situations Eg. Loves to attack and works hard to create overlaps
3. Role related behaviour- suggests that a performer may adapt a very specific role when the situation demands Eg. Tight games they track back and defend more

Question 7

Credulous Approach

Answer 7

You believe the theories. You accept a link that personality can predict behaviour.

Question 8

Sceptical Approach

Answer 8

You don’t believe the theories. You doubt the link that personality can predict behaviour

Question 9

Nature

Answer 9

The inherited qualities of a person

Question 10

Nurture

Answer 10

The way the environment surrounding the person shapes them

Question 11

The core

Answer 11

Values and beliefs of the individual

Question 12

Typical Responses

Answer 12

The use of inherent traits displayed to specific situations

Question 13

Role Related Behaviour

Answer 13

Suggests that a performer may adapt a specific role when the situation demands

Question 14

Extrovert

Answer 14

Loud and bright personalities

Question 15

The Lewin approach to personality

Answer 15

Lewin’s formula= B f(P x E)
Behaviour is a function of personality and environment. This helps coaches predict how a player will react in a specific situation
-Traits we are born with are adapted and used according to the situation. The traits will produce a typical response
-If a player has traits of being assertive and dominant they would use these traits in a game situation when there is a need to impose a presence on the play
Eg. Rugby player about to form scrum, approach with intent, force determination. However, same player in a open play may approach the ball in a more calm manner, thinking about how they can support their teammate

Question 16

How knowledge of the interactionist perspective can improve performance

Answer 16

1. Coach could predict aggressive behaviour and remove the player from the situation by substituting them. This could avoid a potential red card a sending off!
2. Coach could replicate situations that cause a drop off in performance and create similar situations in training so that the player can learn to cope. Eg. Practice penalties or a nervous player could learn to cope with a crowd on a match day by being observed in training