Aggression

Question 1

Aggression def

Answer 1

Intent to harm outside the ruled; hostile behaviour

Question 2

Assertion def

Answer 2

Well motivated behaviour within the rules

Question 3

Differences between Assertion and Aggression

Answer 3

Assertion

• controlled
• no intent to harm
• within the rules
• motivated

Aggression

• Uncontrolled
• intent to harm
• outside the rules
• reactive

Question 4

Aggression explained

ASIF acronym

Answer 4

A- Aggressive cue hypothesis
S- social learning theory
I- instinct theory
F- frustration aggression hypothesis (F-A)

Question 5

Instinct theory

Answer 5

The aggressive response is innate and spontaneous
-product of our evolution and will surface under provocation eg. Defending home territory (home pitch)
-players use sport as an outlet for built up aggressive energy= cathasis
Evaluation:
-performers in aggressive sports calmer away from the game. Through Catharsis
-aggression may not be spontaneous.
-aggression is pre-planned/learned.

Question 6

Catharsis definition

Answer 6

Cleansing the emotional using sport as an outlet for aggression
-‘letting off steam’

Question 7

Frustration- Aggression (F-A) hypothesis

Answer 7

• aggression is inevitable when frustrating circumstances cause our goals to be blocked eg. Ref decision, poor play
• Blocked Goal causes Frustration, Frustration causes Aggression, Release of Aggression causes Catharsis if not released increased further Frustration is felt

Question 8

Aggression cue hypothesis

Answer 8

Suggests that aggression is caused by a learned trigger
-pre learned cues, learned from the coach or other players trigger the aggressive response eg. Coach allows player to elbow opponent to create space.
Goals blocked>arousal>cues present>aggression likely
>no cues are present>aggression unlikely

Question 9

Social learning theory

Answer 9

Aggression is learned from experience, coaches, role models and significant others
-aggressive behaviour will be copied if it’s reinforced eg. Coach praises fouling opposition on a counter attack
Observe-identify-reinforced-copy

Evaluation
Aggression can be instinctive and reactive rather than being learned. Some players react aggressively without being in a situation where they would observe and copy others

Question 10

How to Prevent Aggression

Answer 10

Don’t reinforce aggressive acts in training

• Punishing players with fines, sub them
• Sending players off
• Mental rehearsal reduces arousal- Teach cognitive techniques, e.g. imagery
• Teach relaxation, stress management, calming players down
• Reinforcing aggression in training