Periodontology Flashcards
What are the tissues of the periodontium?
Gingiva, Periodontal ligament, Cementum, and alveolar bone
What is an important function of the periodontal ligament?
Shock absorber for the nerves and vessels
What are the fiber bundles of the periodontal ligament?
Transeptal fibers Alveolar crest fibers Oblique fibers Interradicular fibers Horizontal fibers Apical fibers
What are fiber bundles?
Collagenous fibers called sharpey’s fibers’
What fibers are affected with ortho?
Transeptal fibers
What group of fibers is the largest?
Oblique fibers
What group of fibers withstand masticatory stress vertically?
Oblique fibers
Where are interradicular fibers found?
On multi-rooted teeth extending from cementum to bone in the areas of furcations
What is the most prominent cell in the PDL?
Fibroblasts
What are the fibroblasts most responsible for?
collagen synthesis and degradation
What are osteoblasts?
Bone building cells
What are osteoclasts?
Bone destroying cells
What are cementoblasts?
Cementum builing cells
What are some genetic disorders associated with perodontitis?
Neutropenia
Down syndrome
Papillon-lefevre syndrome
Chediak-higashi syndrome
What are some specific causes of gingival inflammation
Open contacts and subgingival margin restorations
What is it called when you have ulceration at the base of the sulcus?
Gingivitis
Why is tetracycine the drug of choice with necrotizing periodontitis?
Because it concentrates in the gingival crevicular fluid and has anti-collagenase properties
What are some common clinical findings of NUP/NUG?
Punched out papilla and Pseudomembrane (dyeing tissue)
What abscess is a result from the injury to or infection of surface gingival tissue?
Gingival abscess
What abscess is a result when infection spreads deep into periodontal pockets?
Periodontal abscess
What abscess may develop after periodontal debridement?
Periodontal abscess
What abscess develops in inflamed dental follicular tissue overlying the crown of a partially erupted tooth?
Pericoronal abscess
What kind of abscess happens most often on the 3rd molars?
Pericoronal abscess
What abscess results from pulp infection?
Periapical abscess
What type of abscess is usually secondary to deep tooth decay?
Periapical abscess
What is it called when you extract a maxillary tooth and the extraction site extends into the maxillary sinus?
Pneumatization
When you have erythema of the gingival tissues what does that mean?
redness associated with inflammation
When you have cyanosis of the gingival tissue what does that mean?
Bluish hue; highly vascular; generally seen around crowns
With plaque formation what is absorbed into the tooth structure?
Glycoproteins
When bacteria multiply and form mini colonies what forms between the bacteria and tooth to increase the plaque mass and thickness?
Matrix (exopolyschharides)
When the bacteria detachment occurs what is the bacteria called?
Planktonic baceria
What is the cause of periodontits?
Host response to the bacteria
What tissue doesn’t get stippled?
Gingival margins
What is the hallmark sign in gingival tissues for inflammation?
Edema
What is the most obvious result of vasodilation of the periheral circulation?
Edema
What is the hallmark sign of chronic inflammation of the gingival tissues?
Fibrotic tissues
Arerobic bacteria can survive in what type of environment?
They need oxygen
Anaerobic bacteria can survive in what type of environment?
Lacks oxygen
Is areobic organism or anaerobic organism found in the periodontal pockets and sulcus?
Anaerobic
What is the most common periopathogen?
Porphyromonas gingivalis
What bugs are associated with periodontal inflammation during pregnancy?
Prevotella intermedia and C. rectus
What shape of bacteria is found in a periodontally diseased pocket?
Rod shaped
What makes up the bulk of the plaque biofilm and functions to hold the bacteria together?
Extracellular matrix
What happens to the sulcular lining in stage II after 4-7 days?
rete pegs form and sulcular lining is ulcerated
In stage IV what does the periodontium advance to?
From gingivitis to periodontitis
Process by which neutrophils ‘squeeze’ between the endotheilial cells and ‘emigrate’ into the tissue from the blood vessels.
Diapidesis & Emiration
What immediately follows initial vasoconstriction in the acute inflammatory process?
Vasodilation
What is it called when the movement of cells to the site of inflammation called?
Chemotaxis
What cells are the most active cells in the periodontal pockets?
PMN (polymorphonuclearcyte)
What cell is the most prevalent cell in acute inflammation?
PMN (polymorphonuclearcyte)
What is a deficiency of neutrophils or polymorphonuclear cells called?
Neutropenia
Suprabony defect- base of the pocket is ________ to the alveolar bone.
Coronal
Intrabony defect - base of the pocket is _________ to the alveolar bone.
Apical
What is Primary occlusal trauma?
Excessive force on tooth with normal bone support
What is secondary occlusal trauma?
Normal or excessive force on tooth with loss of support
Does occlusal trauma cause perodontal disease?
NO
What are a couple signs of occlusal trauma?
Tooth migration and Radiographic widening of PDL (funneling of PDL)
These 2 types of bacteria are found in what systemic disease: prevotella intermedia and camphylobacter rectus?
Pregnancy gingivitis
What 3 drugs cause gingival hyperplasia?
Phenytoin (Dilantin), Cyclosporin, Niphedipine (procardia)
Phenytoin (dilantin) is a drug that is used for what?
Anticonvulsant and antiepilepsy
Cyclosporine is a drug that is used for what?
Immunosuppressive and organ transplant
Nifedipine (procardia) is a drug that is used for what?
Antihypertensive and calcium channel blocker
Enlargement due to an increase in cell size?
Hypertrophy
Enlargement due to an increase in cell numbers?
Hyperplasia
What presents as a bluish-purple macule?
Kaposi’s sarcoma
Which one is more difficult to treat 1 wall defect or a 3 wall defect?
1 wall defect
