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NATIONAL BOARDS!! > Periodontology > Flashcards

Periodontology Flashcards

1
Q

What are the tissues of the periodontium?

A

Gingiva, Periodontal ligament, Cementum, and alveolar bone

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2
Q

What is an important function of the periodontal ligament?

A

Shock absorber for the nerves and vessels

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3
Q

What are the fiber bundles of the periodontal ligament?

A 
Transeptal fibers
Alveolar crest fibers
Oblique fibers
Interradicular fibers
Horizontal fibers
Apical fibers
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4
Q

What are fiber bundles?

A

Collagenous fibers called sharpey’s fibers’

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5
Q

What fibers are affected with ortho?

A

Transeptal fibers

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6
Q

What group of fibers is the largest?

A

Oblique fibers

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7
Q

What group of fibers withstand masticatory stress vertically?

A

Oblique fibers

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8
Q

Where are interradicular fibers found?

A

On multi-rooted teeth extending from cementum to bone in the areas of furcations

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9
Q

What is the most prominent cell in the PDL?

A

Fibroblasts

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10
Q

What are the fibroblasts most responsible for?

A

collagen synthesis and degradation

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11
Q

What are osteoblasts?

A

Bone building cells

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12
Q

What are osteoclasts?

A

Bone destroying cells

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13
Q

What are cementoblasts?

A

Cementum builing cells

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14
Q

What are some genetic disorders associated with perodontitis?

A

Neutropenia
Down syndrome
Papillon-lefevre syndrome
Chediak-higashi syndrome

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15
Q

What are some specific causes of gingival inflammation

A

Open contacts and subgingival margin restorations

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16
Q

What is it called when you have ulceration at the base of the sulcus?

A

Gingivitis

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17
Q

Why is tetracycine the drug of choice with necrotizing periodontitis?

A

Because it concentrates in the gingival crevicular fluid and has anti-collagenase properties

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18
Q

What are some common clinical findings of NUP/NUG?

A

Punched out papilla and Pseudomembrane (dyeing tissue)

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19
Q

What abscess is a result from the injury to or infection of surface gingival tissue?

A

Gingival abscess

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20
Q

What abscess is a result when infection spreads deep into periodontal pockets?

A

Periodontal abscess

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21
Q

What abscess may develop after periodontal debridement?

A

Periodontal abscess

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22
Q

What abscess develops in inflamed dental follicular tissue overlying the crown of a partially erupted tooth?

A

Pericoronal abscess

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23
Q

What kind of abscess happens most often on the 3rd molars?

A

Pericoronal abscess

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24
Q

What abscess results from pulp infection?

A

Periapical abscess

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25
Q

What type of abscess is usually secondary to deep tooth decay?

A

Periapical abscess

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26
Q

What is it called when you extract a maxillary tooth and the extraction site extends into the maxillary sinus?

A

Pneumatization

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27
Q

When you have erythema of the gingival tissues what does that mean?

A

redness associated with inflammation

28
Q

When you have cyanosis of the gingival tissue what does that mean?

A

Bluish hue; highly vascular; generally seen around crowns

29
Q

With plaque formation what is absorbed into the tooth structure?

A

Glycoproteins

30
Q

When bacteria multiply and form mini colonies what forms between the bacteria and tooth to increase the plaque mass and thickness?

A

Matrix (exopolyschharides)

31
Q

When the bacteria detachment occurs what is the bacteria called?

A

Planktonic baceria

32
Q

What is the cause of periodontits?

A

Host response to the bacteria

33
Q

What tissue doesn’t get stippled?

A

Gingival margins

34
Q

What is the hallmark sign in gingival tissues for inflammation?

A

Edema

35
Q

What is the most obvious result of vasodilation of the periheral circulation?

A

Edema

36
Q

What is the hallmark sign of chronic inflammation of the gingival tissues?

A

Fibrotic tissues

37
Q

Arerobic bacteria can survive in what type of environment?

A

They need oxygen

38
Q

Anaerobic bacteria can survive in what type of environment?

A

Lacks oxygen

39
Q

Is areobic organism or anaerobic organism found in the periodontal pockets and sulcus?

A

Anaerobic

40
Q

What is the most common periopathogen?

A

Porphyromonas gingivalis

41
Q

What bugs are associated with periodontal inflammation during pregnancy?

A

Prevotella intermedia and C. rectus

42
Q

What shape of bacteria is found in a periodontally diseased pocket?

A

Rod shaped

43
Q

What makes up the bulk of the plaque biofilm and functions to hold the bacteria together?

A

Extracellular matrix

44
Q

What happens to the sulcular lining in stage II after 4-7 days?

A

rete pegs form and sulcular lining is ulcerated

45
Q

In stage IV what does the periodontium advance to?

A

From gingivitis to periodontitis

46
Q

Process by which neutrophils ‘squeeze’ between the endotheilial cells and ‘emigrate’ into the tissue from the blood vessels.

A

Diapidesis & Emiration

47
Q

What immediately follows initial vasoconstriction in the acute inflammatory process?

A

Vasodilation

48
Q

What is it called when the movement of cells to the site of inflammation called?

A

Chemotaxis

49
Q

What cells are the most active cells in the periodontal pockets?

A

PMN (polymorphonuclearcyte)

50
Q

What cell is the most prevalent cell in acute inflammation?

A

PMN (polymorphonuclearcyte)

51
Q

What is a deficiency of neutrophils or polymorphonuclear cells called?

A

Neutropenia

52
Q

Suprabony defect- base of the pocket is ________ to the alveolar bone.

A

Coronal

53
Q

Intrabony defect - base of the pocket is _________ to the alveolar bone.

A

Apical

54
Q

What is Primary occlusal trauma?

A

Excessive force on tooth with normal bone support

55
Q

What is secondary occlusal trauma?

A

Normal or excessive force on tooth with loss of support

56
Q

Does occlusal trauma cause perodontal disease?

A

NO

57
Q

What are a couple signs of occlusal trauma?

A

Tooth migration and Radiographic widening of PDL (funneling of PDL)

58
Q

These 2 types of bacteria are found in what systemic disease: prevotella intermedia and camphylobacter rectus?

A

Pregnancy gingivitis

59
Q

What 3 drugs cause gingival hyperplasia?

A

Phenytoin (Dilantin), Cyclosporin, Niphedipine (procardia)

60
Q

Phenytoin (dilantin) is a drug that is used for what?

A

Anticonvulsant and antiepilepsy

61
Q

Cyclosporine is a drug that is used for what?

A

Immunosuppressive and organ transplant

62
Q

Nifedipine (procardia) is a drug that is used for what?

A

Antihypertensive and calcium channel blocker

63
Q

Enlargement due to an increase in cell size?

A

Hypertrophy

64
Q

Enlargement due to an increase in cell numbers?

A

Hyperplasia

65
Q

What presents as a bluish-purple macule?

A

Kaposi’s sarcoma

66
Q

Which one is more difficult to treat 1 wall defect or a 3 wall defect?

A

1 wall defect

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