Periodontology

Question 1

What are the tissues of the periodontium?

Answer 1

Gingiva, Periodontal ligament, Cementum, and alveolar bone

Question 2

What is an important function of the periodontal ligament?

Answer 2

Shock absorber for the nerves and vessels

Question 3

What are the fiber bundles of the periodontal ligament?

Answer 3

Transeptal fibers
Alveolar crest fibers
Oblique fibers
Interradicular fibers
Horizontal fibers
Apical fibers

Question 4

What are fiber bundles?

Answer 4

Collagenous fibers called sharpey’s fibers’

Question 5

What fibers are affected with ortho?

Answer 5

Transeptal fibers

Question 6

What group of fibers is the largest?

Answer 6

Oblique fibers

Question 7

What group of fibers withstand masticatory stress vertically?

Answer 7

Oblique fibers

Question 8

Where are interradicular fibers found?

Answer 8

On multi-rooted teeth extending from cementum to bone in the areas of furcations

Question 9

What is the most prominent cell in the PDL?

Answer 9

Fibroblasts

Question 10

What are the fibroblasts most responsible for?

Answer 10

collagen synthesis and degradation

Question 11

What are osteoblasts?

Answer 11

Bone building cells

Question 12

What are osteoclasts?

Answer 12

Bone destroying cells

Question 13

What are cementoblasts?

Answer 13

Cementum builing cells

Question 14

What are some genetic disorders associated with perodontitis?

Answer 14

Neutropenia
Down syndrome
Papillon-lefevre syndrome
Chediak-higashi syndrome

Question 15

What are some specific causes of gingival inflammation

Answer 15

Open contacts and subgingival margin restorations

Question 16

What is it called when you have ulceration at the base of the sulcus?

Answer 16

Gingivitis

Question 17

Why is tetracycine the drug of choice with necrotizing periodontitis?

Answer 17

Because it concentrates in the gingival crevicular fluid and has anti-collagenase properties

Question 18

What are some common clinical findings of NUP/NUG?

Answer 18

Punched out papilla and Pseudomembrane (dyeing tissue)

Question 19

What abscess is a result from the injury to or infection of surface gingival tissue?

Answer 19

Gingival abscess

Question 20

What abscess is a result when infection spreads deep into periodontal pockets?

Answer 20

Periodontal abscess

Question 21

What abscess may develop after periodontal debridement?

Answer 21

Periodontal abscess

Question 22

What abscess develops in inflamed dental follicular tissue overlying the crown of a partially erupted tooth?

Answer 22

Pericoronal abscess

Question 23

What kind of abscess happens most often on the 3rd molars?

Answer 23

Pericoronal abscess

Question 24

What abscess results from pulp infection?

Answer 24

Periapical abscess

Question 25

What type of abscess is usually secondary to deep tooth decay?

Answer 25

Periapical abscess

Question 26

What is it called when you extract a maxillary tooth and the extraction site extends into the maxillary sinus?

Answer 26

Pneumatization

Question 27

When you have erythema of the gingival tissues what does that mean?

Answer 27

redness associated with inflammation

Question 28

When you have cyanosis of the gingival tissue what does that mean?

Answer 28

Bluish hue; highly vascular; generally seen around crowns

Question 29

With plaque formation what is absorbed into the tooth structure?

Answer 29

Glycoproteins

Question 30

When bacteria multiply and form mini colonies what forms between the bacteria and tooth to increase the plaque mass and thickness?

Answer 30

Matrix (exopolyschharides)

Question 31

When the bacteria detachment occurs what is the bacteria called?

Answer 31

Planktonic baceria

Question 32

What is the cause of periodontits?

Answer 32

Host response to the bacteria

Question 33

What tissue doesn't get stippled?

Answer 33

Gingival margins

Question 34

What is the hallmark sign in gingival tissues for inflammation?

Answer 34

Edema

Question 35

What is the most obvious result of vasodilation of the periheral circulation?

Answer 35

Edema

Question 36

What is the hallmark sign of chronic inflammation of the gingival tissues?

Answer 36

Fibrotic tissues

Question 37

Arerobic bacteria can survive in what type of environment?

Answer 37

They need oxygen

Question 38

Anaerobic bacteria can survive in what type of environment?

Answer 38

Lacks oxygen

Question 39

Is areobic organism or anaerobic organism found in the periodontal pockets and sulcus?

Answer 39

Anaerobic

Question 40

What is the most common periopathogen?

Answer 40

Porphyromonas gingivalis

Question 41

What bugs are associated with periodontal inflammation during pregnancy?

Answer 41

Prevotella intermedia and C. rectus

Question 42

What shape of bacteria is found in a periodontally diseased pocket?

Answer 42

Rod shaped

Question 43

What makes up the bulk of the plaque biofilm and functions to hold the bacteria together?

Answer 43

Extracellular matrix

Question 44

What happens to the sulcular lining in stage II after 4-7 days?

Answer 44

rete pegs form and sulcular lining is ulcerated

Question 45

In stage IV what does the periodontium advance to?

Answer 45

From gingivitis to periodontitis

Question 46

Process by which neutrophils 'squeeze' between the endotheilial cells and 'emigrate' into the tissue from the blood vessels.

Answer 46

Diapidesis & Emiration

Question 47

What immediately follows initial vasoconstriction in the acute inflammatory process?

Answer 47

Vasodilation

Question 48

What is it called when the movement of cells to the site of inflammation called?

Answer 48

Chemotaxis

Question 49

What cells are the most active cells in the periodontal pockets?

Answer 49

PMN (polymorphonuclearcyte)

Question 50

What cell is the most prevalent cell in acute inflammation?

Answer 50

PMN (polymorphonuclearcyte)

Question 51

What is a deficiency of neutrophils or polymorphonuclear cells called?

Answer 51

Neutropenia

Question 52

Suprabony defect- base of the pocket is ________ to the alveolar bone.

Answer 52

Coronal

Question 53

Intrabony defect - base of the pocket is _________ to the alveolar bone.

Answer 53

Apical

Question 54

What is Primary occlusal trauma?

Answer 54

Excessive force on tooth with normal bone support

Question 55

What is secondary occlusal trauma?

Answer 55

Normal or excessive force on tooth with loss of support

Question 56

Does occlusal trauma cause perodontal disease?

Answer 56

NO

Question 57

What are a couple signs of occlusal trauma?

Answer 57

Tooth migration and Radiographic widening of PDL (funneling of PDL)

Question 58

These 2 types of bacteria are found in what systemic disease: prevotella intermedia and camphylobacter rectus?

Answer 58

Pregnancy gingivitis

Question 59

What 3 drugs cause gingival hyperplasia?

Answer 59

Phenytoin (Dilantin), Cyclosporin, Niphedipine (procardia)

Question 60

Phenytoin (dilantin) is a drug that is used for what?

Answer 60

Anticonvulsant and antiepilepsy

Question 61

Cyclosporine is a drug that is used for what?

Answer 61

Immunosuppressive and organ transplant

Question 62

Nifedipine (procardia) is a drug that is used for what?

Answer 62

Antihypertensive and calcium channel blocker

Question 63

Enlargement due to an increase in cell size?

Answer 63

Hypertrophy

Question 64

Enlargement due to an increase in cell numbers?

Answer 64

Hyperplasia

Question 65

What presents as a bluish-purple macule?

Answer 65

Kaposi's sarcoma

Question 66

Which one is more difficult to treat 1 wall defect or a 3 wall defect?

Answer 66

1 wall defect