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Hygiene Sem 1 > Perio W12 > Flashcards

Perio W12 Flashcards

1
Q

Disclosing agents are used to make

A

Oral biofilm clinically visible

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2
Q

When should disclosing agents be applied

A

After oral and periodontal assessment

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3
Q

Oral biofilm is classified by

A

Location
Amount
Extent

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4
Q

Location of oral biofilm can be

A

Supragingival
Sub gingival

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5
Q

Contributing factors affect oral biofilm retention and removal. Examples?

A

Faulty restorations
Tight lingual frenum
Malocclusions
Missing teeth
Mouth breathing
Rough surfaces

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6
Q

Primary purpose of immune system

A

Defense
Protects against bacteria viruses fungi toxins

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7
Q

Innate immune system

A

Present at birth
Not antigen specific

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8
Q

Does the innate immune system improve with repeated exposure to infectious agents

A

No

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9
Q

Adaptive immune system

A

Develops throughout life
Antigen specific

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10
Q

The way an individuals body responds to the infection is known as

A

Host response

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11
Q

The body responds to infection by sending certain cells to the infection site producing

A

Biochemical substances to counteract the foreign invaders

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12
Q

Loss of immune function is

A

Deadly to the body

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13
Q

The immune system can become so intense in its response that it begins to

A

Harm the body that it is trying to protect

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14
Q

Components of the immune system that play an important role in combating periodontal disease

A

Cellular defenders (phagocytes, lymphocytes)
The complement system

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15
Q

Leukocytes act like an independent single cell organisms; can move through

A

Tissues and capture micro organisms on their own

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16
Q

2 types of leukocytes that are important in periodontal disease are

A

Polymorphonuclear leukocytes(PMNs)
Monocytes/macrophages

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17
Q

Phagocytosis is the process by which

A

Leukocytes engulf and digest MOs

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18
Q

Polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) are also known as neutrophils
They are rapid responders and provide the

A

First line of defense
(Short lived cells; die when they become engorged with bacteria)

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19
Q

PMNs are attracted to bacteria by a process called

A

Chemotaxis

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20
Q

PMNs contains many strong Bactericidal and digestive enzymes called

A

Lysosomes

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21
Q

Periodontal pathogens are most effectively destroyed by

A

PMNs

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22
Q

Called what when in the bloodstream

A

Monocytes

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23
Q

Called what when in the tissues

A

Macrophages

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24
Q

Monocytes and macrophages are long lived cells seen in

A

Chronic inflammation
(Slower to arrive at the infection site than PMNs)

25
Q

Lymphocytes are small leukocytes that defend the body and 2 main types are

A

B lymphocytes (B cells)
T lymphocytes (T cells)

26
Q

Once activated B cells make millions of ____ and pours them into the ____

A

Antibodies
Bloodstream

27
Q

B cells can differentiate into 2 types of B cells

A

Plasma B cells
Memory B cells

28
Q

Antibodies are what shaped proteins

A

Y shaped proteins

29
Q

One end of the Y of the antibody binds to the outside of the _____ the other end binds to the____

A

B cell
Microorganism and helps to kill it

30
Q

Antibodies are known collectively as

A

Immunoglobulins

31
Q

5 Major classes of immunoglobulins
(My dad got an exorcism)

A

Immunoglobulin M
Immunoglobulin D
Immunoglobulin G
Immunoglobulin A
Immunoglobulin E

32
Q

T lymphocytes (T cells) main function is to

A

Intensify the response of other immune cells to the bacterial invasion

33
Q

T cells produce substances called ___ that further stimulate what

A

Cytokines
Immune response

34
Q

Cytokine is a general name for any protein that is secreted by ___ and affects

A

Cells and affects the behaviour of nearby cells

35
Q

Complement system is a complex series of proteins circulating in the blood that works to do what

A

Facilitate phagocytosis of bacteria
Kill bacteria directly by forming pores in bacterial cell membranes

36
Q

Function of complement system (4)

A

Destruction of pathogens
Opsonization of pathogens
Recruitment of phagocytes
Immune clearance

37
Q

Components of complement system can destroy certain MO’s directly by forming

A

pores in their cell membranes

38
Q

For the task of forming pores the complement system creates a protein called ____
This protein can do what?

A

Membrane attack complex
Can puncture cell membranes of certain bacteria (lysis)

39
Q

What is the most important action of the complement system

A

Opsonization

40
Q

What is the process of opsonization

A

Complement system facilitates the capture and destruction of bacteria by phagocytes

41
Q

To fight infection leukocytes travel through

A

The bloodstream

42
Q

Explain trans-endothelial migration

A

Near infection site leukocytes push between endothelial cells (extravasation) and enter connective tissue

43
Q

What is chemotaxis; Process by which leukocytes

A

enter connective tissue
Attracted to site of infection in response to biochemical compounds released by the invading bacteria

44
Q

Chemokines are a subgroup of cytokines that cause additional immune cells to be attracted to

A

The site of infection or injury

45
Q

2 stages of inflammation

A

Acute
Chronic

46
Q

Acute inflammation duration?

A

Short term; normal process that protects and heals the body

47
Q

The acute inflammation process is achieved by the increased movement of ___ and ____ from the ___ into the ___

A

Plasma; leukocytes; blood; into the injured tissues

48
Q

5 classic signs of acute inflammation

A

Heat
Redness
Swelling
Pain
Loss of function

49
Q

If the acute inflammatory responses are not effective in controlling the invading MO’s

A

The inflammatory response becomes chronic

50
Q

Chronic inflammation is a long lived, out of control response that continues for more than

A

A few weeks

51
Q

Chronic inflammation is a ____ condition that can destroy healthy tissue and cause more

A

Pathological condition
Damage than original orobkem

52
Q

Are the classic warning signs of acute inflammation present in chronic inflammation

A

No; usually absent

53
Q

Chronic inflammation occurs because the body is unable to

A

Rid itself of invading organism

54
Q

What is the hallmark of chronic inflammation

A

Tissue damage

55
Q

Chronic inflammation is characterized by an accumulation of

A

Macrophages

56
Q

Examples of chronic inflammation

A

Rheumatoid arthritis
Diabetes
Asthma
Gingivitis
Periodontitis

57
Q

Songs and symptoms of chronic inflammation may partially or completely disappear during a period of

A

Remission

58
Q

Songs and symptoms may recur in all of their severity in a active period of disease known as

A

Exacerbation

59
Q

Chemical mediators are biologically active compounds secreted by cells that activate

A

The body’s inflammatory response
(TNF-alpha, Leukotrienes, Prostaglandins, IL-1, IL-6, IL-8)

Hygiene Sem 1 (22 decks)

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