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Hygiene Sem 1 > Microbiology > Flashcards

Microbiology Flashcards

1
Q

What is microbiology

A

Study of small forms of life

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2
Q

Who discovered bacteria
(“Plaque”)

A

Antoni van Leeuwenhoek

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3
Q

Recognized existence of tiny living particles that cause catching diseases

A

Girolamo Fracastoro

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4
Q

Concept of immunizations
Cowpox / small pox

A

Edward Jenner

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5
Q

Father of immunology

A

Louis Pasteur

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6
Q

John Tyndall

A

Tyndallization
Need for heat to destroy bacteria

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7
Q

Airborne MO’s
Phenols/carbolic acid

A

Joseph lister

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8
Q

Handwashing importance

A

Ignaz philipp Semmelweis

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9
Q

Can live and multiply only inside a host

A

Virus

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10
Q

Barge group of one celled mos

A

Bacteria

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11
Q

Range from single celled to multi
Seaweed kelp
Most do not produce disease

A

Algae

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12
Q

Primitive cells, no internal membrane and no nucleus

A

Prokaryote

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13
Q

Example of prokaryote

A

Bacteria

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14
Q

Complex cells with internal membrane and have nucleus

A

Eukaryotes

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15
Q

Examples of eukaryotes

A

Protozoa fungi algae

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16
Q

MO that is not prokaryote or eukaryote

A

Virus

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17
Q

Hair like projections with fine short appendages that allow bacteria to adhere

A

Fimbriae/pili

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18
Q

Mesosomes are mostly present in

A

Gram positive bacteria

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19
Q

What protects from drying and is a gelatinous covering produced by the cytoplasmic membrane in prokaryotic cells

A

Capsule

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20
Q

Granules in prokaryotes are considered

A

Energy reserves

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21
Q

Plasmids in prokaryotes are

A

Extra chromosomal dna
Resistant to physical and chemical agents

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22
Q

Vacuoles in eukaryotic cell gather

A

Food

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23
Q

Vesicles in eukaryotic cells surround

A

Proteins

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24
Q

Gram positive is what colour
Cell walls are?

A

Blue/ purple
Thick cell walls

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25
Q

Gram negative colour?
Cell walls?

A

Pink/red
Thin cell walls

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26
Q

Binary fission

A

Each cell divides into two daughter cells

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27
Q

5 growth requirements of bacteria

A

Temperature
Acidity
Nutrients
Oxygen metabolism
Water

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28
Q

Bactericidal agents

A

Kill bacteria

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29
Q

Bacteriostatic agents

A

Inhibits growth but do not kill

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30
Q

Sequence of viral replication

A

Attachment/absorption
Penetration
Uncoating
Replication
Assembly
Release

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31
Q

4 transmission routes of viruses

A

Contaminated water
Insects
Droplet
Direct

32
Q

Opportunistic pathogens

A

Cause disease when host defenses are compromised

33
Q

Endogenous diseases

A

Caused by mos inside/on the body

34
Q

Exogenous diseases

A

Caused by mos not normally found in or on the body

35
Q

Toxigenic disease describes an exogenous disease without entering and multiplying in body. And example of this

A

Food poisoning

36
Q

Bacteriophage

A

Viruses that infect bacteria

37
Q

Prion

A

Poisonous proteins
(Not MOs and are always fatal)

38
Q

4 modes of disease transmission

A

Direct
Indirect
Droplet
Airborne

39
Q

Routes of entry to the body

A

Inhalation
Ingestion
Mucous membrane
Breaks in skin

40
Q

Preserving microbes from a substance by removing the water rapidly freezing sample then drying it with a vacuum pump at very low temp

A

Lyophilization

41
Q

3 types of sterilization

A

Gas
Heat
Liquid

42
Q

Ethylene oxide, long exposure times
(High cost and not common)

A

Gas sterilization

43
Q

Factors influencing microbial growth

A

Temp
Ph
Atmospheric pressure
Salinity
Osmotic pressure
Hydrostatic pressure
Radiation

44
Q

Thermophiles

A

Heat loving

45
Q

Mesophiles

A

Body temp is ideal
Caries, perio disease

46
Q

Psychrophiles

A

Cold loving bacteria

47
Q

Obligate aerobes

A

Grown in presence of oxygen (20%)

48
Q

Obligate anerobes

A

Grow in absence of oxygen

49
Q

Acidogenic bacteria

A

Bacteria produces acid during growth

50
Q

Aciduric bacteria

A

Bacteria that survive and grow in acidic environments

51
Q

Moderate halophile

A

Marine bacteria (loves salt)

52
Q

Osmotic pressure

A

Pressure created by water moving across a selectively permeable membrane due to osmosis

53
Q

Osmotolerant

A

Mos can grow at high level salt concentrations

54
Q

Sacchrophiles

A

High sugar concentration as osmotic regulator rather than salt
(Yeast/mold)

55
Q

Hydrostatic pressure

A

Pressure exerted by a fluid

56
Q

What is antimicrobial

A

Term used to designate all categories of drugs used to treat infections

57
Q

How do antimicrobials work

A

Inhibit growth and replication of microbes (damage host cell)

58
Q

CDC
Guidelines for what

A

Centre for disease control
For infection control in dental settings

59
Q

Intermediate level disinfectant

A

Destroys bacteria fungi and most viruses

60
Q

Low level disinfectant

A

Destroys some bacteria fungi and viruses

61
Q

High level disinfectant

A

Destroys all mos but not spores

62
Q

Endospores

A

Most resistant form of life

63
Q

Another term for virus

A

Obligate intracellular parasites

64
Q

Transient flora

A

Source of disease

65
Q

Microaerophiles

A

Can tolerate low level conc of oxygen (4%)

66
Q

Faculative anerobes

A

Can live with or without oxygen

67
Q

Who discovered endospores

A

Ferdinand Cohn

68
Q

Discovered penicillin

A

Sir Alexander Fleming

69
Q

Outer membrane of gram negative bacteria contains

A

Endotoxin (transports nutrients)

70
Q

Sterilant kills

A

All mos including spores

71
Q

Resident flora is always

A

On skin
Mos colonize and become permanent

72
Q

Transient flora

A

Contaminates
Can be removed by washing

73
Q

3 reactions to gloves

A

Irritant contact
Allergic contact
Latex allergy

74
Q

Irritant contact dermatitis

A

Non-immunologic irritation.
Dry itchy hands

75
Q

Allergic contact dermatitis

A

Type IV
Delayed hypersensitivity (24-48hrs)

76
Q

Bacterial flora

A

Normally resides in on body without causing harm but with disease potential

Hygiene Sem 1 (22 decks)

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