Orofacial Flashcards
Muccobuccal fold
Point where lips/cheeks turns to go toward gingival tissue
Alveolar mucosa
Mucosa lying against alveolar bone
Loosely attached and moveable
Mucogingival junction
Point where gingiva becomes tightly attached to the bone
Lateral borders
The teeth and mucosa confines the lateral borders of the oral cavity proper
Palatoglossal arch
The anterior pillar
Palatopharyngeal arch
Posterior pillar
Retromolar pad
Small elevation of tissue posterior to mand molars
Fauces
Spaces between left and right tonsils
Sublingual caruncles
Small elevations in each side of the base of the lingual frenum
2 divisions of oral cavity
Vestibule
Oral cavity proper
Oral cavity proper includes
Floor of the mouth
Soft/hard palate
3 categories of oral mucosa
Masticatory mucosa
Lining mucosa
Specialized mucosa
Specialized mucosa is found
Dorsum of the tongue
Masticatory mucosa is found?
Undergoes what?
Gingiva and hard palate
Undergoes trauma (keratinized)
4 areas of lining mucosa
Labial/buccal mucosa
Alveolar mucosa
Soft palate
Central surface of the tongue/floor of the mouth
Characteristics of lining mucosa
Loose
Flexible
Non keratinized
Fovea palatine
2 small depressions on either side of the midline
Beginning stages of the tongue development in utero happens
4.5weeks
Tongue is covered with what type of epithelium
Stratified squamous epithelium
4 types of papilla
Filiform
Fungiform
Foliate
Circumvallete
Circumvallete papilla
V shaped row circular raised elevations
Glands of Von ebner
Fungiform papillae
Tiny red raised spots
Sense of taste
Filiform papillae
No tastebuds- tactile sensation
Foliate papillae
side of tongue
Where oral cancer begins
Lingual tonsils
Located at base of tongue behind circumvallete papillae
Purpose of lymphoid tissue in lingual tonsils
Provides defence mechanism for infection
3 glands
Parotid
Sublingual
Submandibular
Parotid gland associated duct
Stensons duct
T/F parotid gland is the largest gland but only accounts for 25% of salivary volume
True
Submandibular gland accounts for what % of salivary volume
60-65%
Sublingual duct accounts for what % of salivary volume
10%
Clinical crown describes
The part of the crown visible above the gingiva
Anatomical crown
Portion of crown that is covered by enamel
4 tooth tissues
Pulp
Cementum
Enamel
Dentin
Secondary dentin forms after
Eruption
Reparative dentin or tertiary dentin is laid down in response to
Trauma or caries
Cementum’s main function
Provide a medium for attachment of the tooth to the alveolar bone
2 types of cementum
Cellular
Acellular
Acellular cementum contains
Sharpeys fibers
Odontoblasts are
Dentin forming cells
Incisors are intended to
Cut
Canines are intended to
Hold and grasp
Premolars are intended to
Hold and grind
Molars are intended to
Grind/chew
Tooth grows and develops from growth centres called
Lobes
Tubercles are
Small elevations of enamel on crown
Developmental grooves are
Lines that form when lobes fuse together
Fossa is
Depression or conceits
Cingulum are
Lingual lobe of max anterior teeth
All cusps have how many ridges
4
Line angle
Junction of 2 surfaces
Point angle
Junction of 3 surfaces
Tooth germs/tooth buds
Soft tissue that develops into a tooth
When do tooth buds begin to grow within the alveolar process
6th week of fetal life
Crypts
Early tooth socket
What else is forming around the 6th week
Dental lamina
Dentin and enamel, followed by cementum
Before root completion what type of dentin is formed at an early stage
Primary dentin
When do primary teeth begin to calcify
4th or 5th month of fetal life
Each tooth begins to develop from how many growth centers
4 or more
Coalescence describes
Fusion of lobes
Mamelons
Incisal ridges of labial development lobes separated by developmental grooves
Anterior lobes
3 facial and 1 lingual
Maxillary premolars lobes
3 facial 1 lingual
Mandibular first premolar lobes
Same as maxillary 3 facial 1 lingual
Lingual cusp is smaller
Maxillary 1st molar lobes
4 lobes:
2buccal, 2lingual
Lobe of carabelli
On first maxillary molars
Eruption deciduous central incisors
6-8months
Eruption deciduous lateral incisors
10-16m
Eruption deciduous 1st molar
14-18 months
Eruption deciduous canines
17-23m
Eruption deciduous second molars
2 years
Eruption rules (3)
Mand precedes max
Both jaws erupt in pairs
Perm erupt first in girls (no difference in primary)
What does deciduous canine eruption bring with them
Canine eminence (supporting bone)
At what age do we except all deciduous teeth to have erupted
2.5 years
Medial drift (permanent)
Tendency of the permanent molars to have an eruptive force toward midline
Eruption permanent max centrals
7-8 years
Eruption permanent max laterals
8-9 years
Eruption permanent max canines
11-12
Eruption perm max and mand premolars
10-12
Eruption perm max 1st molars
6years
Eruption perm max 2nd molars
12-13
Eruption perm mand central
6-7
Eruption perm mand laterals
7-8
Eruption perm mand canine
9-10
Common exception to the rule of mandibular teeth preceding the maxillary is
Maxillary premolars (10-11) often preceded mandibular premolars (10-12)
Periodontium divided into 2 units
Gingival unit
Attachment unit
Gingival unit consists of
Free and attached gingiva
Attachment unit consists of
Cementum
PDL
Alveolar bone
Contact areas describes
Medial and distal touching of adjacent teeth
Contact point refers to
Occlusal cusp of 1 tooth touches occlusal portion of another tooth in opposing arch
Proximal contact areas are where on the tooth
Widest portion and greatest curvature
Interproximal spaces are normally filled with
Interdental papilla
Cervical embassure (void) is characterized by
Gingival recession
(Papilla and bone no longer fill entire Interproximal space)
Crest of curvature
Widest bulkiest part of the crown
Crest of curvature is the same as
Height of contour
Facial and lingual contours are correct then
Proper food deflection
Tissue stimulation
Sulculs/gingival protection
Tooth cleansing
Curvature of CEJ on proximal surfaces depends on
Height of contact areas
Diameter of crown labiolingually or buccolingually
Curvature of CEJ in anterior teeth is grater than
Posterior
Medial curvature of anterior teeth greater than distal curvature by
1mm
Why is CEj less curved in posterior teeth
Wider buccolingually, have more support and don’t need raised CEJ
Self cleansing qualities of teeth
Smoothness of enamel helps to maintain bacteria free
Shape of crown deflects food onto tissue at proper angle
Self cleansing qualities of canines
Piercing tool: forces food off cusp into cingulum and gingiva
Self cleansing qualities of premolars and molars
Deflect food onto occlusal surface for chewing and grinding
Self cleansing qualities of pits and fissures
Help dissipate/scatter extreme occlusal forces from chewing/grinding
SPILLWAYS
Diastema vs open contact
Large vs small space
Curvature and the periodontium: if deflection of food is at an extreme angle what can result due to what?
Recession can result due to lack of cleansing by friction
At 16 months primary molars erupt and establish
Vertical height of primary occlusion
Intercuspation of M-D and B-L relationship (this determines how upper and lower teeth occlude with lower teeth)
Buccal cusps of mandibular posterior teeth interlock between buccal and lingual cusps on maxillary teeth
Intercuspation
Primary dentition erupts in a more ___ position than permanent replacements
Upright
3 possible anterioposterior molar relationships in primary occlusion
Mesial step
Flush terminal plane
Distal step
Most common primary occlusion
Mesial step
Describe mesial step
2nd primary mandibular molar (distal surface) are situated more mesial than max molars
Describe distal step
2nd primary mand molars are situated more distal than max molars
Primate space
Largest spaces found mesial to max primary canine and distal to mand canines
Leeway space
Extra space deciduous canines and molars occupy to help save room for permanent successors
