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Hygiene Sem 1 > Histo Final (week 1-midterm) > Flashcards

Histo Final (week 1-midterm) Flashcards

1
Q

What is histology

A

Study of microscopic structure and function of cells and associated tissues

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2
Q

Function of cell

A

Carry out vital processes
(Absorption, assimilation, respiration, irritability, conductivity, growth, reproduction and excretion)

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3
Q

What is Endocytosis

A

Uptake of materials into the cell

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4
Q

Pinocytosis

A

Cell drinking

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5
Q

Phagocytosis

A

Cell eating

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6
Q

Exocytosis

A

Expulsion of materials out of the cell by fusing vesicle membrane with cell membrane

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7
Q

Cell membrane surrounds cell aka plasma membrane; function?

A

Semipermeable so provides barriers that regulates transports in and out of the cell

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8
Q

Cytoplasm includes what and its function is to?

A

Includes organelles and vacuoles
Function: provide a medium in which other organelles function

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9
Q

What is produced in the nucleus

A

DNA and RNA

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10
Q

5 components of a nucleus

A

Nucleolus
Nucleoplasm
Nuclear envelope
Chromatin
Nuclear pores

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11
Q

What produces RNA and nucleotides and is contained in the nucleus

A

Nucleolus

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12
Q

Chromatin contains

A

Chromosomes

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13
Q

Fluid portion that contains proteins

A

Nucleoplasm

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14
Q

A double membrane that surrounds the nucleus in the cell

A

Nuclear envelope

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15
Q

Function of the endoplasmic reticulum is to

A

Modify store segregate and transport proteins the cell manufacturers

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16
Q

Rough er contains

A

Ribosomes

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17
Q

Smooth er contains

A

Enzymes for manufacturing lipid molecules and steroid hormones

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18
Q

The function of this is to sort, condense, package and deliver proteins received from the rough ER

A

Golgi apparatus

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19
Q

Mitochondria is considered the

A

Powerhouse of the cell

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20
Q

Delicate threadlike structures of protein; deal with cell motility

A

Microfilaments

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21
Q

Helps maintain shape of the cell and provides strength to cilia, flagella, centrioles and mitotic spindle

A

Microtubules

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22
Q

Intermediate filaments are thicker and threadlike. They are important in

A

Intercellular junctions

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23
Q

Inclusions are metabolically inert substances and are aka

A

Temporary storage units of lipids and melanin pigmentation

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24
Q

Tight junctions (water tight) prevents

A

Movement of fluid

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25
Q

Location of tight junctions

A

Lining of small intestine

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26
Q

Gap junctions allow for

A

Exchange of substances

27
Q

Location of gap junctions

A

Muscle of heart
Digestive tubes

28
Q

What attaches cell to the basement membrane

A

Hemidesmosomes

29
Q

In dental where can Hemidesmosomes be found

A

Gingival tissue adhering to tooth surface OR epithelium to CT in basement membrane of oral mucosa

30
Q

What binds cells together by creating soot welds between membranes

A

Desmosomes

31
Q

4 life cycles of a cell

A

Interphase
Mitosis
Cytokinesis
Differentiation

32
Q

Describe the 3 phases of interphase

A

G1- initial resting and growth phase
S- DNA replication
G2- 2nd resting /growth phase

33
Q

Mitosis stages in order

A

Prophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase

34
Q

What disappears in prophase

A

Nuclear membrane and nucleolus

35
Q

Describe what happens in metaphase

A

Chromosomes arrange midway between centrioles in a line

36
Q

In anaphase what splits and migrates to opposite poles

A

Chromosomes separate and pull individual chromosomes to opposite poles

37
Q

Telophase is the division into 2 daughter cells. What appears and disappears during this phase

A

Nucleoli appears
Microtubules disappear

38
Q

Differentiation refers to

A

Less specialized cell becoming more specialized

39
Q

4 types of tissues

A

Epithelial
Connective
Muscular
Nerve

40
Q

Function of epithelial tissue

A

Covers/lines external/internal systems
Tissue absorption, secretion, sensory.

41
Q

Describe how cells are packed in epithelial tissue. Does it have a blood supply?

A

Tightly packed cells
AVASCULAR = no blood supply

42
Q

What is the turnover time of the oral mucosa

A

14 days

43
Q

List and describe cell arrangements

A

Simple- 1 layer
Stratified- 2 or more layers
Pseudostratified- one layer but looks like 2

44
Q

4 cell shapes

A

Squamous (flat)
Cuboidal (cube)
Columnar (rectangular columns)
Transitional (changes shape/stretch)

45
Q

Dead layer
Tough, fibrous, opaque, waterproof.
Resists friction and provides first line of defense

A

Keratin

46
Q

Hair like projections that propels substances along

A

Cilia

47
Q

What type of epithelium has a filtering function on moist surfaces

A

Simple squamous epithelium

48
Q

What type of epithelium contributes to secretion and where can it be located

A

Simple cuboidal epithelium
Location: ducts of various glands; salivary glands.

49
Q

What type of epithelium contains goblet cells (secrete mucin; may be ciliated)

A

Simple columnar epithelium

50
Q

Location of non ciliated simple columnar epithelium

A

Stomach, large/small intestine, cervical canal

51
Q

Location of ciliated simple columnar epithelium

A

Uterus, fallopian tubes, lungs, make reproductive

52
Q

This type of epithelium moistens, warms and cleans lining membranes. It can be located in the nasal cavity and upper respiratory tract

A

Pseudostratified columnar epithelium

53
Q

Stratified squamous non keratinized epithelium is kept moist by ____ to prevent ___

A

Bodily secretion to prevent drying out

54
Q

Locations of stratified squamous non keratinized epithelium

A

Buccal and alveolar mucosa, central side of tongue, soft palate, flood of mouth and sulcular epithelium

55
Q

Stratified squamous keratinized epithelium is located on dry or wet surfaces. 5 layers are?

A

Stratum corneum (dead layer)
Stratum granulosum
Stratum spinosum
Stratum basale
Stratum lucidum (palms/ soles, not in oral cavity)

56
Q

Locations of stratified squamous keratinized epithelium

A

Free gingiva, attached gingiva m, hard palate, dorsal of tongue, lips

57
Q

Thin, acellular structure that is located between the epithelium and connective tissue

A

Basement membrane

58
Q

What are the 3 layers of the basement membrane

A

Lamina lucida (clear layer)
Lamina densa (dense layer)
Reticular Lamina (collagen/reticular fibers)

59
Q

Which 2 of the 3 layers of the basement membrane make up the basal lamina

A

Lamina lucida and lamina densa

60
Q

Function of connective tissue

A

Provides support for softer body parts and binds structures together

61
Q

What are the major cell types found in CT

A

fibroblasts
Macrophages (monocytes)
Mast cells (basophils)

62
Q

What is the most common cell type in CT? What does it synthesize ?

A

Fibroblast
Synthesizes protein fibers and intercellular substances

63
Q

Most common white blood cell
-phagocytes, important in fighting infection

A

Macrophages (monocytes)

64
Q

Mast cells (basophils) are active in?
What may they release
*hint; they are located near blood vessels

A

Active in allergic response
May release heparin and histamine

Hygiene Sem 1 (22 decks)

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