Histo Final (week 1-midterm)

Question 1

What is histology

Answer 1

Study of microscopic structure and function of cells and associated tissues

Question 2

Function of cell

Answer 2

Carry out vital processes
(Absorption, assimilation, respiration, irritability, conductivity, growth, reproduction and excretion)

Question 3

What is Endocytosis

Answer 3

Uptake of materials into the cell

Question 4

Pinocytosis

Answer 4

Cell drinking

Question 5

Phagocytosis

Answer 5

Cell eating

Question 6

Exocytosis

Answer 6

Expulsion of materials out of the cell by fusing vesicle membrane with cell membrane

Question 7

Cell membrane surrounds cell aka plasma membrane; function?

Answer 7

Semipermeable so provides barriers that regulates transports in and out of the cell

Question 8

Cytoplasm includes what and its function is to?

Answer 8

Includes organelles and vacuoles
Function: provide a medium in which other organelles function

Question 9

What is produced in the nucleus

Answer 9

DNA and RNA

Question 10

5 components of a nucleus

Answer 10

Nucleolus
Nucleoplasm
Nuclear envelope
Chromatin
Nuclear pores

Question 11

What produces RNA and nucleotides and is contained in the nucleus

Answer 11

Nucleolus

Question 12

Chromatin contains

Answer 12

Chromosomes

Question 13

Fluid portion that contains proteins

Answer 13

Nucleoplasm

Question 14

A double membrane that surrounds the nucleus in the cell

Answer 14

Nuclear envelope

Question 15

Function of the endoplasmic reticulum is to

Answer 15

Modify store segregate and transport proteins the cell manufacturers

Question 16

Rough er contains

Answer 16

Ribosomes

Question 17

Smooth er contains

Answer 17

Enzymes for manufacturing lipid molecules and steroid hormones

Question 18

The function of this is to sort, condense, package and deliver proteins received from the rough ER

Answer 18

Golgi apparatus

Question 19

Mitochondria is considered the

Answer 19

Powerhouse of the cell

Question 20

Delicate threadlike structures of protein; deal with cell motility

Answer 20

Microfilaments

Question 21

Helps maintain shape of the cell and provides strength to cilia, flagella, centrioles and mitotic spindle

Answer 21

Microtubules

Question 22

Intermediate filaments are thicker and threadlike. They are important in

Answer 22

Intercellular junctions

Question 23

Inclusions are metabolically inert substances and are aka

Answer 23

Temporary storage units of lipids and melanin pigmentation

Question 24

Tight junctions (water tight) prevents

Answer 24

Movement of fluid

Question 25

Location of tight junctions

Answer 25

Lining of small intestine

Question 26

Gap junctions allow for

Answer 26

Exchange of substances

Question 27

Location of gap junctions

Answer 27

Muscle of heart Digestive tubes

Question 28

What attaches cell to the basement membrane

Answer 28

Hemidesmosomes

Question 29

In dental where can Hemidesmosomes be found

Answer 29

Gingival tissue adhering to tooth surface OR epithelium to CT in basement membrane of oral mucosa

Question 30

What binds cells together by creating soot welds between membranes

Answer 30

Desmosomes

Question 31

4 life cycles of a cell

Answer 31

Interphase Mitosis Cytokinesis Differentiation

Question 32

Describe the 3 phases of interphase

Answer 32

G1- initial resting and growth phase S- DNA replication G2- 2nd resting /growth phase

Question 33

Mitosis stages in order

Answer 33

Prophase Metaphase Anaphase Telophase

Question 34

What disappears in prophase

Answer 34

Nuclear membrane and nucleolus

Question 35

Describe what happens in metaphase

Answer 35

Chromosomes arrange midway between centrioles in a line

Question 36

In anaphase what splits and migrates to opposite poles

Answer 36

Chromosomes separate and pull individual chromosomes to opposite poles

Question 37

Telophase is the division into 2 daughter cells. What appears and disappears during this phase

Answer 37

Nucleoli appears Microtubules disappear

Question 38

Differentiation refers to

Answer 38

Less specialized cell becoming more specialized

Question 39

4 types of tissues

Answer 39

Epithelial Connective Muscular Nerve

Question 40

Function of epithelial tissue

Answer 40

Covers/lines external/internal systems Tissue absorption, secretion, sensory.

Question 41

Describe how cells are packed in epithelial tissue. Does it have a blood supply?

Answer 41

Tightly packed cells AVASCULAR = no blood supply

Question 42

What is the turnover time of the oral mucosa

Answer 42

14 days

Question 43

List and describe cell arrangements

Answer 43

Simple- 1 layer Stratified- 2 or more layers Pseudostratified- one layer but looks like 2

Question 44

4 cell shapes

Answer 44

Squamous (flat) Cuboidal (cube) Columnar (rectangular columns) Transitional (changes shape/stretch)

Question 45

Dead layer Tough, fibrous, opaque, waterproof. Resists friction and provides first line of defense

Answer 45

Keratin

Question 46

Hair like projections that propels substances along

Answer 46

Cilia

Question 47

What type of epithelium has a filtering function on moist surfaces

Answer 47

Simple squamous epithelium

Question 48

What type of epithelium contributes to secretion and where can it be located

Answer 48

Simple cuboidal epithelium Location: ducts of various glands; salivary glands.

Question 49

What type of epithelium contains goblet cells (secrete mucin; may be ciliated)

Answer 49

Simple columnar epithelium

Question 50

Location of non ciliated simple columnar epithelium

Answer 50

Stomach, large/small intestine, cervical canal

Question 51

Location of ciliated simple columnar epithelium

Answer 51

Uterus, fallopian tubes, lungs, make reproductive

Question 52

This type of epithelium moistens, warms and cleans lining membranes. It can be located in the nasal cavity and upper respiratory tract

Answer 52

Pseudostratified columnar epithelium

Question 53

Stratified squamous non keratinized epithelium is kept moist by ____ to prevent ___

Answer 53

Bodily secretion to prevent drying out

Question 54

Locations of stratified squamous non keratinized epithelium

Answer 54

Buccal and alveolar mucosa, central side of tongue, soft palate, flood of mouth and sulcular epithelium

Question 55

Stratified squamous keratinized epithelium is located on dry or wet surfaces. 5 layers are?

Answer 55

Stratum corneum (dead layer) Stratum granulosum Stratum spinosum Stratum basale Stratum lucidum (palms/ soles, not in oral cavity)

Question 56

Locations of stratified squamous keratinized epithelium

Answer 56

Free gingiva, attached gingiva m, hard palate, dorsal of tongue, lips

Question 57

Thin, acellular structure that is located between the epithelium and connective tissue

Answer 57

Basement membrane

Question 58

What are the 3 layers of the basement membrane

Answer 58

Lamina lucida (clear layer) Lamina densa (dense layer) Reticular Lamina (collagen/reticular fibers)

Question 59

Which 2 of the 3 layers of the basement membrane make up the basal lamina

Answer 59

Lamina lucida and lamina densa

Question 60

Function of connective tissue

Answer 60

Provides support for softer body parts and binds structures together

Question 61

What are the major cell types found in CT

Answer 61

fibroblasts Macrophages (monocytes) Mast cells (basophils)

Question 62

What is the most common cell type in CT? What does it synthesize ?

Answer 62

Fibroblast Synthesizes protein fibers and intercellular substances

Question 63

Most common white blood cell -phagocytes, important in fighting infection

Answer 63

Macrophages (monocytes)

Question 64

Mast cells (basophils) are active in? What may they release *hint; they are located near blood vessels

Answer 64

Active in allergic response May release heparin and histamine