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Hygiene Sem 1 > Hist/embry > Flashcards

Hist/embry Flashcards

1
Q

Exocrine gland

A

Gland with a duct
Releases secretion (sweat and saliva)

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2
Q

Endocrine gland

A

Ductless gland
Secretes hormones directly into blood stream

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3
Q

Largest endocrine gland
Very vascular

A

Thyroid

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4
Q

The thyroid gland consists of 2 large lobes connected by an ___ in the middle

A

Isthmus

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5
Q

What should be palpated during EOE and exhibit mobility and move superiority when pt swallows

A

Thyroid gland

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6
Q

This Secretes parathyroid hormone directly into the bloodstream to regulate what

A

Parathyroid glands
Regulates calcium and phosphorus levels

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7
Q

Parathyroid glands are not visible or palpable during

A

EOE

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8
Q

The lymphatic system transports what and helps defend the body against

A

Excess tissue fluid to the bloodstream
Disease

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9
Q

Lymph is tissue fluid that drains from

A

Surrounding region into lymphatic vessels

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10
Q

Lymph transports foreign particles to the lymph nodes and returns

A

Protein molecules into the bloodstream

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11
Q

3 lymphatic pathways

A

Lymphatic capillaries
Lymphatic vessels
Lymphatic trunks and collecting ducts

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12
Q

Lymphatic vessels have “one way valves” which means

A

Lymph goes in but not back out (prevents backflow)

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13
Q

Lymphatic capillaries are microscopic close ended tubes that extend into ?
How do they receive lymph

A

Interstitial space and receive lymph through their walls

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14
Q

Lymphatic trunks drain lymph from where and lead to?

A

Large body regions and lead to 2 collecting ducts in the thorax

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15
Q

Collecting ducts join what veins

A

Subclavian

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16
Q

Lymph nodes are composed of what 2 things

A

Lymphocytes and macrophages

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17
Q

Lymphocytes and macrophages in lymph nodes filter out

A

Toxic products from lymph to prevent entry into vascular system

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18
Q

Lymph flows into lymph nodes through

A

Afferent vessels

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19
Q

Lymph flows out of the lymph node through

A

Efferent vessels

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20
Q

Lymph nodes occur in ___ along the paths of larger lymphatic vessels

A

Groups or chains

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21
Q

Lymph nodes are mainly located where

A

Cervical (head/neck)
Auxiliary (armpit)
Groin

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22
Q

Intraoral tonsilar tissue 3 types

A

Palatine tonsils
Lingual tonsils
Pharyngeal tonsils

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23
Q

2 rounded masses located between anterior and posterior faucial pillars

A

Palatine tonsils

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24
Q

Palatine tonsil masses contain fused together

A

Lymphatic nodules

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25
Q

Lingual tonsils is a layer of indistinct diffuse lymphoid tissue located

A

On the base of the dorsal tongue behind circumvallete papillae

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26
Q

Pharyngeal tonsils are found behind the uvula on superior and posterior walls of nasopharynx forming an incomplete ring of tissue called

A

Waldeyers ring

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27
Q

It’s common for pharyngeal tonsils to become enlarged in children and is referred to as

A

Adenoids

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28
Q

The nasal cavity is lined by

A

Respiratory mucosa

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29
Q

Nasal cavity is lined by a respiratory mucosa which is

A

Ciliated pseudo-stratified columnar epithelium

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30
Q

Goblet cells secret what

A

Mucin

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31
Q

Lamina propria in the nasal cavity is very vascular and does what

A

Warms air we breathe

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32
Q

Specialized area that carries receptors for the sense of

A

Sense of smell

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33
Q

4 pairs of paranasal sinuses

A

Frontal, ethmoidal, sphenoidal and maxillary sinuses

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34
Q

Paranasal sinuses function

A

Lighten skull bones, add resonance to the voice and moisten the nasal cavity

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35
Q

Exocrine glands are classified into 4 characteristics which are

A

Duct system
Shape of secretory unit
Mode of secretion
Nature of secretion

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36
Q

A simple duct

A

Is one duct which does not branch

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37
Q

Branching of duct where the secretory unit empties into small ducts and these join to form larger ones

A

Compound duct

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38
Q

Shape of secretory unit can be

A

Unicellular or multicellular

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39
Q

Unicellular examples

A

Goblet cells

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40
Q

Multicellular examples

A

Tubular
Alveolar

41
Q

3 modes of secretion for exocrine glands

A

Merocrine glands
Apocrine glands
Holocrine glands

42
Q

Merocrine glands secrete product through

A

Free surface, no loss of cytoplasm/cell
(Exocytosis)
Ex. Salivary glands

43
Q

Apocrine glands secrete small amounts of

A

Cytoplasm with secretory product
Apical portion pinches off and detaches
Ex. Mammary glands

44
Q

Holocrine glands

A

The entire cell discharged as secretion
Ex sebaceous glands

45
Q

3 types of secretion

A

Serous
Mucous
Mixed

46
Q

Clear watery protein that contains digestive enzyme amylase

A

Serous secretion

47
Q

Cloudy, mucin (glycoproteins) with water

A

Mucous

48
Q

Mixed secretion is a mixture of

A

Mixture of serous and mucous fluid

49
Q

Acinus consists of a single layer of cuboidal epithelial cells surrounding a ___ where the ___ is deposited after being produced by the secretory cells

A

Lumen (central opening)
Saliva

50
Q

Salivary glands are compound tubular- alveolar _____ glands

A

Merocrine

51
Q

All compound salivary glands are surrounded by ____ which provides ____ for the lobes

A

A capsule of connective tissue
Support

52
Q

The duct attached to an acinus (terminal part of the duct) is called

A

Intercalated duct

53
Q

Intercalated ducts are lined with simple cuboidal epithelium and they are cells that do not

A

Produce secretions, only serve as a passageway for saliva

54
Q

Striated ducts are connected to intercalated ducts and lined with simple columnar epithelium. They serve as

A

A passageway for saliva
Cells resorb and excrete electrolytes

55
Q

Excretory/secretory ducts starts as pseudo-stratified columnar epithelium then changes to ____. But it ends as _____ epithelium in the oral cavity

A

Stratified cuboidal
Ends as stratified squamous

56
Q

Major salivary glands carry their secretion some distance in the oral cavity by a main duct and secrete approximately ___% of

A

90% of the saliva

57
Q

Minor salivary glands empty their products

A

Directly into the oral cavity by short ducts

58
Q

Both major and minor salivary glands are composed of either serous or mucous cells or a combination of both which is called

A

Serous demilunes

59
Q

3 major salivary glands

A

Parotid
Submandibular
Sublingual

60
Q

Parotid salivary gland passes through duct known as

A

Stensons duct

61
Q

The duct system of parotid salivary gland consists of

A

Long intercalated ducts and short striated ducts with basal striations

62
Q

The parotid salivary gland secretion is mainly

A

Serous

63
Q

Viral infection of the parotid gland

A

Mumps

64
Q

The submandibular salivary gland duct is known as

A

Whartons duct

65
Q

Submandibular gland total salivary volume

A

60-65%

66
Q

The duct system of what salivary gland is short intercalated ducts with long striated ducts with basal striations

A

Submandibular salivary gland

67
Q

Sublingual gland is the smallest major gland contributing to what % of total salivary volume

A

10%

68
Q

Duct associated with the sublingual salivary gland

A

Bartholins duct

69
Q

What kind of secretion mainly in sublingual duct

A

Mucous

70
Q

How much saliva is produced by humans daily

A

About 640ml

71
Q

Functions of saliva

A

Moistens food
Begins digestion (amylase)
Helps cleanse mouth
Aids in swallowing
Important in speech
Regulates mouth ph

72
Q

Accumulation of saliva in mucosa due to trauma to minor salivary ducts

A

Mucocele

73
Q

Sialolith refers to

A

Small salivary stones that block salivary flow

74
Q

Xerostomia is aka

A

Dry mouth

75
Q

Oral mucosa is composed of what epithelium

A

Stratified squamous epithelium

76
Q

What lies between the epithelium and lamina propria in the oral mucosa

A

Basement membrane

77
Q

3 main types of oral mucosa

A

Lining mucosa
Masticatory mucosa
Specialized mucosa

78
Q

Covers the floor of the mouth, buccal labial, alveolar, ventral surfaces of tongue and soft palate

A

Lining mucosa

79
Q

Lining mucosa is made up of what kind of epithelium

A

Non-keratinized stratified squamous epithelium

80
Q

Lining mucosa contains what 2 things

A

Elastic fibers (moveable base)
Submucosa (compression of tissue during chewing speech and swallowing

81
Q

Masticatory mucosa is what kind of epithelial tissue

A

Parakeratinized

82
Q

Covers attached gingiva dorsal surface of tongue and hard palate

A

Masticatory mucosa

83
Q

Gingiva is divided into (3)

A

Free gingiva
Attached gingiva
Interdental papilla

84
Q

Ankyloglossia

A

Tongue tied

85
Q

Dorsal surface 4 types of papillae

A

Filiform
Fungiform
Foliate
Circumvallete

86
Q

Filiform papillae look like?
Do they have taste buds?

A

Fine pointed cones
No taste buds

87
Q

Fungiform papillae appear as?
Function?

A

Reddish dots
Taste sensation

88
Q

Function of foliate papillae

A

Taste sensation

89
Q

Circumvallete papillae location
Function?

A

Von ebners glands
Taste sensation

90
Q

Taste buds are found in the oral epithelium mainly the tongue but some on?

A

Soft palate

91
Q

Highest turnover time (4-6days)

A

Junctional epithelium

92
Q

Lowest turnover time (24days)

A

Hard palate

93
Q

Another term for laminate propria

A

Dermis

94
Q

The submucosa of the cheek contains

A

Adipose tissue and minor salivary glands

95
Q

Where can we find the lining mucosa

A

Buccal.
Floor of the mouth
Soft palate
Alveolar mucosa

96
Q

What type of epithelium is lining mucosa consist of

A

Non-keratinized stratified squamous epithelium

97
Q

Does Parakeratinized epithelium have a nuclei

A

No

98
Q

Masticatory mucosa covers?

A

Hard palate
Attached gingiva
Dorsal surface of the tongue

Hygiene Sem 1 (22 decks)

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